Making Controlled Comparisons 119 EXERCISES son that a link may exist between re

Question

Making Controlled Comparisons 119 EXERCISES son that a link may exist between religious attendance (independent variable) acomparison of individuals, people who frequently attend religious services will (control variable) might also be related to speech opinions, in that less ness to extend freedom of speech to radical Muslim clerics (dependent variableji at to extend free-speech rights to radical Muslims than will people who infrequently have less tolerant attitudes than do those with more education. educated people Tthe control table below will allow you to analyze the religious attendance-speech opinion colationship, controlling for level of education.12 The table displays raw numbers only. For rcample, in the low-education group, 318 individuals have low attendance. Of these, 121 said eadical speech should be allowed, and 197 said that it should not be allowed. Construct a A. mplete control table from this information. Education Low Hi Religious attendance Low 121 197 Total 165 384 549 Religious attendance High 162 195 357 Total 388 335 723 High opinion 187 231 226 140 366 o not allow B. Decide which pattern-spuriousness, additive, or interaction-best describes the set of relationships. (i) Write out each of the rhetorical questions, introduced in this chapter, that help you determine the pattern. (ii) Write a complete sentence answering each question. C. Draw a line chart of the attendance-speech opinion relationship, controlling for education. ord the percentages of respondents saying "do not allow" Enhance the readability of the cha by making 30 percent the lowest vertical axis value and 90 percent the highest vertical axis vala The values of religious attendance will appear along the horizontal axis. The vertical axis will Ilud ot the effert of lectoral systems on the

Explanation / Answer

The give n data set of relationship is interaction pattern, since we can see that the variation from the group mean is more for low religious attendence for speech opinion, that is one independent variable (willingness to extend freedom) is affecting the value for another independent variable (religious attendence or not). Simply put, high religious attendence and willingness to extend freedom has higher mean compared to low religious attendence and willingness to extend freedom and like wise. Higher religious attendence and willingness to extend freedom affects the result of either group.

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