STAT 244: STATISTICD Test 1 - Chpt 2, 4,6 Name: The two paragraphs below discuss
ID: 3044141 • Letter: S
Question
STAT 244: STATISTICD Test 1 - Chpt 2, 4,6 Name: The two paragraphs below discuss aspects of two studies, each of which exhibit a bias. For each study, decide whether the problem is selection bias, response bias, or nonresponse bias, and in a few sentences explain why you chose your answer. a) One part of the Nurses' Health Study is concerned with possible causes of skin cancer. Nurses were asked about different behaviors and aspects of their health when they entered the study. Then, the nurses were given the questionnaire again if they were diagnosed with cancer. When the questionnaires were analyzed, the investigators discovered that after the nurses were diagnosed with cancer they tended to report a reduced ability to tan. It is thought that the shift in reporting might be caused by an awareness of their diagnosis. b) One part of the Demographic and Health Surveys Program is concerned with measures of malnutrition. Investigators measure physical aspects of growing children, and attempt to document the physical characteristics of a population at different ages. Sadly, in some countries many children die early, and thus a bias is introduced in the study when the investigators can not collect the data from the deceased children.Explanation / Answer
Answer to part a)
In this particular scenario, since the nurses are aware that they are diagnosed with cancer, they are already aware of the situation. This leads to Response bias
Reasons:
Response bias: this bias is observed when the participants of the research, get any kind of cue during the research, or about any such aspect during the process of research, due to which they tend to respond in a particular way. Such a response so obtained due to prior knowledge of some important fact, leads to a biased response. This bias in the research is called bias response
.
Answer to part b)
In this particular scenario, since the sample consists of children, and as stated deceased children could not survive throughout the research, hence data cannot be collected from them. This incorporates a non-response bias in the study
Reasons:
Non-response bias: this bias is observed when some of the participants in the research, do not respond to the research, or are not available to provide any data for the study. In this case the researcher is bound to conclude on the basis of the respondents who are available, and this may not help us get the complete information of the treatment or the disease. This is because those who suffered up to death, may definitely have faced different symptoms as compared to those who survived. The information from them would have definitely contributed to the research findings and helped save further such deaths.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.