Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

n northern climates, roads must be cleared of snow quickly tollowlig Sorm. s, ro

ID: 3045955 • Letter: N

Question

n northern climates, roads must be cleared of snow quickly tollowlig Sorm. s, roads e of storm severity is x -its duration in hours, while the effectiveness of sho can be quantified by x2 the number of hours crews, men, and machine, spend to clear snow. Here are the results for 25 incidents in Wisconsin. Table 3.2 Snow Data x2 2 12.5 13.7 9.0 24.43.5 26.1 14.5 16.5 6.5 18.2 8.0 14.5 8.0 17.4 10.5 22.017.5 42.3 9.0 11.0 10.0 32.5 10.5 17.5 19.5 23.6 4.5 18.7 12.0 21.8 8.0 13.2 7.0 15.8 6.0 10.4 9.0 32.1 8.5 15.6 13.0 25.6 7.0 12.3 6.5 12.0 7.0 11.8 8.0 12.8 (a) Find the sample mean and variance of the difference x2 x by first obtaining the summary statistics. (b) Obtain the mean and variance by first obtaining the individual values x for j 1,2,..., 25 and then calculating the mean and variance. Compare these values with those obtained in part a.

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

a).

Descriptive statistics

x1

x2

count

25

25

mean

9.420

19.272

sample standard deviation

3.760

7.889

sample variance

14.139

62.239

minimum

3.5

10.4

maximum

19.5

42.3

range

16

31.9

Mean of (x2-x1) = mean of x2- mean x1 = 19.272-9.420 = 9.852

Variance of x2-x1 =var(x2)+var(x1) = 62.239+14.139 =76.378

b).

Descriptive statistics

x2-x1

count

25

mean

9.852

sample standard deviation

7.031

sample variance

49.433

minimum

1.2

maximum

24.8

range

23.6

Comparing the two methods, the means are same but the variances are not same. This may be due to the variables are not independent.

Descriptive statistics

x1

x2

count

25

25

mean

9.420

19.272

sample standard deviation

3.760

7.889

sample variance

14.139

62.239

minimum

3.5

10.4

maximum

19.5

42.3

range

16

31.9