16. Researchers wanted to determine if there was an association between daily co

Question

16. Researchers wanted to determine if there was an association between daily coffee consumption and the occurrence of breast cancer. The researchers looked at 9 women and asked them to report their coffee-drinking habits. The researchers also 4,909 d which of the women had breast cancer. After their analysis, the researchers concluded that consumption of six or more cups of caffeinated coffee per day was associated with a reduction in breast cancer. a) (5) Give an example of a confounding variable and state why it is a confounding variable. b) (4) How would you make this an experiment?

Explanation / Answer

A) The diet of the participants is a confounding variable. The researchers did not take into account the diet of the participants, which could also play a role in determining the risk of breast cancer and hence, it is a confounding variable.

B) We can divide our group of participants into two sun groups - one that drinks coffee and one that does not. We can also include other variables like diet and profession, and then look at the results - if drinking coffee actually reduces the risk of breast cancer or not.

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