A. Kaiser Permanente Health Plan of Northern California recently completed a stu

Question

A. Kaiser Permanente Health Plan of Northern California recently completed a study comparing body-fat distribution among hypertensive people who were normotensive at entry into their health plan as compared with normotensives who remained normotensive throughout their participation in the plan. The body-mass index at baseline (when they entered into their health plan) was compared between hypertensive group and normotentive group. What type of study is this? 2

(a) Experiment: matched pairs design

(b) Experiment: completely randomized design

(c) Observational: retrospective

(d) Observational: prospective

(e) Experiment: randomized block design

B. In one study done in the 1980s, researchers at a large medical center tested the theory that exposure to the bacterium that causes severe acne reduces a patients chance of getting skin cancer, lymphoma and leukemia. They compared patients with skin cancer, lymphoma and leukemia to patients of the same age, gender, race and lifestyle but who did not have skin cancer, lymphoma or leukemia. They found that the patients without skin cancer, lymphoma or leukemia were more likely to have had severe acne. What conclusion can you draw?

(a) Having severe acne will reduce the chance of having a skin cancer, lymphoma or leukemia.

(b) Having a skin cancer, lymphoman or leukemia will reduce the chance of having severe acne.

(c) This is an observational study, the results proved that the bacterium that causes severe acne reduces a patients chance of getting skin cancer, lymphoma and leukemia.

(d) This is an observational study, the results suggested that the bacterium that causes severe acne reduces a patients chance of getting skin cancer, lymphoma and leukemia. Further experiments are needed to prove the theory.

(e) None of the above.

Explanation / Answer

A. This is obviously a observational study

Now A prospective study watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease, during the study period and relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factor(s).

A retrospective study looks backwards and examines exposures to suspected risk or protection factors in relation to an outcome that is established at the start of the study.

Based on the definition answer is (c) Observational: retrospective

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