. Identical twins share the same genotype, meaning their genetic makeup is the s
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Question
. Identical twins share the same genotype, meaning their genetic makeup is the same. Researchers have discovered, however, that the phenotype (or the observable expression of a gene) of identical twins grows apart as they age. Our genes influence how we respond to our environment, and at the same time the expression of our genes are changed by the environment around us; therefore the relationship between genetic and environmental influences cannot be easily separated In sum, it is easier to find sociological, cultural, or environmental explanations for variation in human abilities, intelligence, or personality traits. The seeming inheritance by family of some of these traits may well be a combination of something genetic and something experiential or cultural, but when looking for the actual underlying causes, genetics has repeatedly come up wanting while environmental explanations do a good job of addressing a fairly large part of the variation we see.
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Explanation / Answer
The relationship between one's phenotype and genotype is considerably more complicated than once thought. For example, identical twins the same genetic makeup; identical genotypes. It has become more apparent, however, that the phenotypes of these two individuals -- the expression of their genes -- will not necessarily remain the same as they grow older. The relationship between our genetic makeup and our environment is complicated. Our genetics influence the way we respond to our environment and, in turn, our environments can greatly shape the overt expression of our genes. Variation in human characteristics -- in things like intelligence, personality, ability -- may be more easily explained by examining our individual cultural, environmental, or sociological histories. Family inheritances of traits may actually be more a result of shared cultural experiences, blended with genetics. It is therefore important to consider both environmental and genetic influences when studying the underlying causes for phenotypic variation in a population.
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