3. Long-distance runners have contended that moderate exposure to ozone increase

Question

3. Long-distance runners have contended that moderate exposure to ozone increases lung capacity. To investigate this possibility, a researcher exposed 12 rats to ozone at the rate of two parts per million for a period of 30 days. The lung capacity of the rats was determined at the beginning of the study and again after the 30 days of ozone exposure. The lung capacities (in mL) are given in Table 3 (20 points) Table 3. The lung capacity of 12 rats before and after exposure 1 4 8 9 10 12 Rat Before 8.77.98.3 8.49.2 9.1 8.2 8.1 8.9 8.28.9 7.5 exposure After exposure 9.4 9.8 9.9 10.3 8.9 8.8 9.8 8.29.4 9.9 12.2 9.3 Is there sufficient evidence to support the conjecture that ozone exposure increases lung capacity? Use = 0.05 and also report p-value Estimate the size of the increase in lung capacity after exposure to ozone using a 95% confidence interval Verify the conditions needed to support your procedure After completion of the study, the researcher claimed that ozone causes increased lung capacity. Is this statement supported by this experiment? a. b. c. d.

Explanation / Answer

a)

From the given data we have

b)

d)

As p-value is less than the significance level of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. Hence there are sufficient evidence to conclude that ozone causes increased lung capacity.

Before After dbar 8.7 9.4 -0.7 7.9 9.8 -1.9 8.3 9.9 -1.6 8.4 10.3 -1.9 9.2 8.9 0.3 9.1 8.8 0.3 8.2 9.8 -1.6 8.1 8.2 -0.1 8.9 9.4 -0.5 8.2 9.9 -1.7 8.9 12.2 -3.3 7.5 9.3 -1.8

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