Identify: 1.) Population and Sample with a brief explanation of how you made the

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Identify: 1.) Population and Sample with a brief explanation of how you made the determination. 2.) Whether the study is a controlled experiment, prospective observational study, retrospective observational study, or cross-sectional observational study. Explain. Data Source: http://www.statsci.org/data/general/harnest Description Available at: http:/w Data Set Name: harvest HARVEST (Hypertension and Ambulatory Recording Venetia Study) is a trial designed to assess whether ambulatory monitoring adds something to office (clinical) blood pressure in predicting the development of fixed hypertension and of cardiovascular complications in patients with borderline to mild hypertension. Ambulatory monitoring refers to the measuring of home Dessription of the Data Set 1100 subjects compiled by Dr Paolo Palatini, Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Padua, Italy. Patients were eligible for the study if they satisfied the following criteria: blood pressure by an annotated device that the subject wears for 24 hours. The data give information on diastolic blood pressure (BP) between 90 and 100 mm Hg or isolated systolic hypertension (systolic BP greater or equal to 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg) never been treated for hypertension . aged 18 to 45 years old * free from other important risk factors for atherosclerosis The subjects were followed for 5 years. Baseline examinations, including ECG and echocardiography, were repeated at the end of the study or upon development of hypertension, defined as BP persistently 100 mm Hg or greater or a systolic BP of 160 mm Hg or greater. Ambulatory monitoring was repeated 3 months and 5 years after the baseline evaluation. The symbol C or A after the name of a variable means: C - clinical examination; A- ambulatory (home monitoring) B baseline examination 3-3-month examination 5 -5-year examination E- endpoint examination How is BMI interpreted for adults? For adults 20 years old and older, BMI is interpreted using stand- ard weight status categories. These categories are the same for men and women of all body types and ages. The standard weight status categories associated with BMI ranges for adults are shown in the following table Variable Description Smoke Smoking status at baseline examination: ne examination: BMI Below 18.5 18.5-24.9 25.0-29.9 30.0 and Above Weight Status Underweight Normal or Healthy Weight 1-1-5 cigarettes per day 2-6-10 cigarettes per day 3- 11-20 cigarettes per day Sport activity at baseline examination: 0- only sedentary 1- light activity (walking). 2 - sports non-competitive, 3 sports competitiv Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure Heart rate Age in years Sport SBP DBP HR Age BMI Body mass index: 100 weight (kg)/height (m) Obese EndPoint Endpoint status at the time the file was created: 1 - blood pressure level hypertensive 0 - blood pressure level not hypertensive Time in months from baseline examination to the date of endpoint or to May 30, 1999, whichever was Time Male Gender: ma 0 female Missing values are indicated by.

Explanation / Answer

a) The population consist of all the subjects satisfying the eligibility criteria in the region where the study is conducted. The sample is 1100 subjects taken for the study, whose data were compiled and used for the study. The subjects who were selected for study is a part of large population satisfying the elegibility criteria.So the 1100 subjects cannot be regarded as the population.

b)A controlled science experiment is conducted to test whether a variable has a direct causal relationship on another. Here we are testing whether ambulatory monitoring adds something to the development of fixed hyprtension and cardiovascular complication in patients with mild or borderline hypertensions. Eventhough the study looks like a prospective observational study. The difference lies in concentrating only on few variables by keeping the effect of other variables constant Refering to the eleigibility criteria eg: the patients must be free from other risk factors for atherosclerosis. so we select the patients free from risk factors. More over The patients age were under control .

A controlled experiment should have a specific hypothesis which is also mentioned in the begining. where as a prospective study watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease, or death.

The doctor has information on 1100 subjects who had agreed for the study. so clearly the sample is random, where as the random nature is absent in prospective observational study where they just follow individuals in a non random manner . Data may be lost before the study duration is completed.

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