QUESTION 1 One benefit of an increased sample size would be an improvement in ac

Question

QUESTION 1

One benefit of an increased sample size would be an improvement in  accuracyprecision.

1.6 points   

QUESTION 2

Scientists usually use [x] to indicate the uncertainty of a statistical estimate.

1.6 points   

QUESTION 3

Which of the bars indicates the standard error of the mean?

A

B

C

1.6 points   

QUESTION 4

Amorphophallus johnsonii, a West African carrion beetle-pollinated "corpse flower," was studied for amount of nocturnal insect visits.

After many nightly observations, the data for the visits is summarized as follows:

What is the standard error of the mean for these data? (answer to 1 decimal)

1.6 points   

QUESTION 5

Generally speaking, the spread of the sampling distribution is determined by which of these?

value of the mean

sample size

maximum sample value

minimum sample value

none of these is correct

1.6 points   

QUESTION 6

In Vancouver, British Columbia, the probability of rain during a winter day is 0.44, for a spring day is 0.27, for a summer day is 0.18, and for a fall day is 0.53. Each of these seasons lasts one quarter of the year.

If you were told that on a particular day it was raining in Vancouver, what would be the probability that this day would be a winter day? Round your answer to three decimal places

1.6 points   

QUESTION 7

Check all that apply about probabilities and their attributes.

Probabilities can be = 1.0.

Probabilities can be = 0.0.

Probabilities can be > 1.0.

Probabilities can be < 1.0.

Probabilities can be > 0.0.

Pr(sample space) = 1.0

1.6 points   

QUESTION 8

If the probability of one event has no influence on the probability of the other then the events are said to be:

conditionally dependent

independent

complementary

mutually exclusive

1.6 points   

QUESTION 9

Which are mutually exclusive events for a single draw from a deck of cards? Select all that apply.

red or black

jack or black

spade or diamond

ace or red

1.6 points   

QUESTION 10

If two events are independent and you want to calculate the probability that they will both occur, which equation would you use?

Pr[A] x Pr[B]

Pr[A] + Pr[B]

Pr[A] Pr[B | A]

Pr[A | B]

1.6 points   

QUESTION 11

Consider 4 species of plants in Point of Rocks Park where there are 140 White Pines, 189 Hackberries, 80 Pin Oaks, and 116 Tulip Poplars. What is the probability, and explain how you go about finding the probability, of randomly picking a Hackberry out of this park.

The probability is . To get the probability, divide  by .

1.6 points   

QUESTION 12

You determine the sequence of a small piece of DNA using standard methods. The length of the piece of DNA is 9 base pairs. The observed sequence is ATGGGCGGCCT. What is the probability of this DNA sequence arising by chance?

0.0

262,144

0.00000381469 or 3.81 x 10^-6

9.537 x 10^-7

1.6 points   

QUESTION 13

In a population of bacterial cells you know that the frequency of the four bases of DNA are 0.4 (A), 0.11 (C), 0.1 (G), and 0.39 (T). What is the probability if each base position is independent of the others of the DNA sequence ATGGC? (round to 5 decimals)

1.6 points   

QUESTION 14

What is the probability of having a family composed of 8 male siblings?

(answers to 3 decimal places)

1.6 points   

QUESTION 15

Two organisms with genotype AaBbCcDdEE mate. These loci are all independent. What fraction of the offspring will have the same genotype as the parents?

1/16

3/4

9/64

1/2

1.6 points   

QUESTION 16

Consider a guinea pig. There are 3 possible coat colors for this species of guinea pig each with its own probability: Pr(orange) = 0.35, Pr(brown) = 0.6, and Pr(white) = 0.05. What is the probability of a guinea pig of this species being orange or white?

(answer to 3 decimal places)

1.6 points   

QUESTION 17

You observe one pine tree. If the probability of not being a foxtail pine is equal to 0.79, what is the probability that this tree is a foxtail pine?

(answer to 2 decimal places)

1.6 points   

QUESTION 18

You are studying wolverine (Gulo gulo) populations. In the population you are observing, there are 166 females each of which you are tracking using radio collars. You observe 5 females at a single site. How many possible combinations of 5 females are there in this population of wolverines?  2.19*10^79.88*10^81.70*10^1161.26*10^11

1.6 points   

QUESTION 19

Based on previous surveys of the James River, you know that the probability of observing a black rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus) is 0.011 for any given observation effort. How many observation efforts would you have to make to on average to observe a single black rat snake?

1.6 points   

QUESTION 20

Dr. Flores is studying the association of a flower species with a fungus species. She makes 75 observations and finds that she encounters the flower, growing apart from the fungus 15 times, the fungus growing alone 15 times, and the fungus and flower growing together 45 times.

Based on the information above, which Venn Diagram below best describes the probability associated with observing the flower, the fungus, or the flower with the fungus? The flower is depicted in pink, the fungus in blue, and the probability of both together in white.

1.6 points   

QUESTION 21

About 30% of the population cannot detect any odor when they sniff the steroid androstenone, but they can become sensitive to its smell if exposed to the chemical repeatedly. Does this change in sensitivity happen in the nose or the brain? Mainland et al. (2002) exposed one nostril of each of 12 non-detector participants to androstenone for short periods every day for 21 days. The other nostril was plugged and had humidified air flow to prevent androstenone from entering. After the 21 days, the researchers found that 10 of 12 participants had improved androstenone-detection accuracy. This suggested that increases in the plugged nostril, whereas two had reduced accuracy. This suggested that increases in sensitivity to androstenone happened in the brain rather than in the nostril, since the epithelia of the nostrils are not connected. The authors conducted a statistical hypothesis test of whether accuracy in fact did change. Let p refer to the proportion of non-detectors in the population whose accuracy scores improve after 21 days. Under the null hypothesis, p = 0.5 (as many participants should improve as deteriorate in their accuracy after 21 days). The alternative hypothesis is that p is not equal to 0.5. What is the probability of obtaining a value of 10 or greater? Express with four significant figures, and include the leading zero.

1.6 points   

QUESTION 22

A researcher with a reputation for yelling at graduate students wants to know how the seed yield of transgenic plants (that are constructed specifically with the objective of increasing seed yield) she is growing in a plot compares to that of the wild-type plants growing in another plot. The entire population of the wild-type plants have been characterized, but she only has enough funding to measure a sample of the transgenics. Her null hypothesis is that the average seed yield of the transgenics will not differ from the wild-type. Her graduate student secretly has an arm injury, and hasn't told her for fear of inciting the researcher's reputed wrath. Because his arm hurts, the graduate student inadvertently collects less heavy samples. This type of non-random sampling would increase the likelihood of committing a Type II error.

True

False

1.6 points   

QUESTION 23

A group of researchers tested whether snakes tend to choose a warm resting site when both a warm site and a cool site are presented to them. Their hypotheses were: H0 = Snakes do not prefer the warmer site. And HA = Snakes prefer the warmer site. They carried out the experiment, and with their data calculated a one-tailed P-value of P = 0.03. If they were using an value of 0.05, and instead used a two-tailed test, they would have:

failed to reject the null hypothesis

rejected the null hypothesis

accepted the alternative hypothesis

This is a situation where it is too close to call.

1.6 points   

QUESTION 24

Can parents distinguish their own children by smell alone? To investigate, Porter and Moore (1981) gave new T-shirts to children of 9 mothers. Each child wore his or her shirt to bed for three consecutive nights. During the day, from waking until bedtime, the shirts were kept in individually sealed plastic bags. No scented soaps or perfumes were used during the study. Each mother was then given the shirt of her child and that of another, randomly chosen child and asked to identify her own child's shirt by smell. Eight of nine mothers identified their children correctly. Using the null distribution table provided, and a two-sided test, determine the P-value of the result. Include the leading zero.

1.6 points   

QUESTION 25

Dr. Pagels is a mammalogist who studies meadow and common voles. He frequently traps the moles and has noticed what appears to be a preference for a peanut butter-oatmeal mixture by the meadow voles vs apple slices are usually used in traps, where the common voles seem to prefer the apple slices. So he conducted a study where he used a peanut butter-oatmeal mixture in half the traps and the normal apple slices in his remaining traps to see if there was a food preference between the two different voles.

His null hypothesis is  There is a positive correlation between voles and food preference.There is no difference between voles and food preferences.There is a relationship between voles and food preference.There is no difference between meadow and common voles.

His alternate hypothesis is  There is a positive correlation between voles and food preference.There is no difference between voles and food preferences.There is a relationship between voles and food preference.There is no difference between meadow and common voles.

A

B

C

Explanation / Answer

1) One benefit of an increased sample size would be an improvement in accuracy.

2) Scientists usually use [x] to indicate the uncertainty of a statistical estimate.True

4) The standard error of the mean for these data

n=62 , mean= 82 and standard deviation= 55

Standard error of mean= s/sqrt(n)

= 55/sqrt(62)

= 55/7.87

=6.988

Standard error of mean =7.0

5) The spread of the sampling distribution is determined by variance , standard deviation , Range.

Options does not have these.

So option E none of these is correct

Note: I have done the first four questions. Question 3 data is missing. So did not answer question 3. Please repost rest of the questions along with data separately or maximum two questions at once. Thank you:)

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