Parapsychology Studies EXPLO 2.3 Statistician Jessica Uts has conducted an eaxte
ID: 3072254 • Letter: P
Question
Parapsychology Studies EXPLO 2.3 Statistician Jessica Uts has conducted an eaxtensive analysis of Ganzfeld studies that have investigated poychic functioning. Ganzfeld studies involve a Sender" and a Treceiver. Two people are placed in separate acoustically shieided rooms. The sender looks at a target image on a television screen (which may be a static photograph or a short movie segment playing repeatedly) and attempts to transmit information about the target to the receiver. The receiver is then shown four possible choices of targets one of which is the correct target and the other three are "decoys The receiver must choose the one he or she thinks best matches the description transmitted by the sender. If the correct target is chosen by the receiver, the session is a "hit Otherwise, it is a miss. Utts reported that her analysis considered a total of 2,124 sessions and found a total of 709 "hits (Utts, 2010). 1. If the subjects in these studies have no psychic ability, what would be the long-run proba- bility that the receiver would identify the correct target? 2. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for testing whether the daff pro- vide strong evidence of psychic ability. Be sure to define the parameter clearly hypotheses 3. Calculate the proportion of "hits (successful transmissions of the target image) among the 2,124 sessions that the researcher analyzed. Is this proportion larger than the null- hypothesized value for the probability of a successful transmission? 4. Use a simulation-based method to determine an approximate p-value for testing the hypotheses stated in #2). 6. Confirm that the validity conditions for a theory-based method are satisfied. Then use the theory-based method to calculate a standardized statistic and p-value for testing the hypotheses stated in 2). 6. Based on the p-values and standardized statistic, would you characterize the evidence against the null hypothesis as weak, moderate, strong, or very strong? ExplainExplanation / Answer
Answer to question# 1)
If there is no ability , then in long run the probability of correct hit will be : 1/4 = 0.25
Answer to question# 2)
The null hypothesis: The probability of hit = 0.25
Alternate hypothesis: The probbaility of hit > 0.25
[it is a right tailed test, since we expect people to have psychic ability and be better in identifying the correct image]
.
Answer to question# 3)
The proportion provided by the experiment is : 709/2124 = 0.3338
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