Key Words and Phrases ld not conclude that the normal curve alwayas provides app
ID: 3074219 • Letter: K
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Key Words and Phrases ld not conclude that the normal curve alwayas provides approximations as 71 as t osened here If the population is skewed or differs shaps other fishion, the estimates obtained may not be very close to Howevo, in apter 4 you will learn that the normal curve can still function t probat whun populations are not normally distributed so long as the invoive cemn sateaics and not individual scores as was the case here. KEY WORDS AND PHRASES After reading this chapter you should be able to demonstrate familiarity with the following words and phrases. Bayes rule 60 contingency table 53 independence 56 location parameter 63 negative predictive value 58 normal curve area 64 positive predictive value 58 probability 52 protective effect 59 scale parameter 63 specificity 58 conditional probability 53 frequency table 53 joint probability 56 marginal probability 56 normal curve 62 odds ratio 60 prevalence 58 probability table 55 risk ratio 59 sensitivity 58 EXERCISES 3.1 The probability table given here represents the results of a census conducted of all students in a large university Each student was categorized by gender (M/F) and by whether or not they answered affirmatively to a question as to whether they had been inebriated in the past 30 days (b) The probability that a randomly selected student will be female. (c) The probability that a randomly selected student will be male or will have been inebriated in the past 30 days. (d) The probability that a randomly selected student will be female and will have been inebriated in the past 30 days M.22 32 54 F 10 36 46 32 68 (e) The probability that a student, randomly selected from among those reporting having been inebriated () The probability that a randomly selected student 32 Are gender and inebriation status as represented in the in the past 30 days, will be female. will be male or female. Use the probability notation of this chapter to characterize an each of the following. Then use the table entries to fin the indicated probability above table independent? What is the evidence for your conclusion? are female and that 20% of the residents in that community support a tax increase aimed at prowiding funds for free inoculations e) The probability that a student, randomly selected 3.3 Suppose that half the residents in a community from among the females, will not have been inebri- ated in the past 30 days.Explanation / Answer
a)
P(F and I') = 0.36
b)
P(F) = 0.1 + 0.36 = 0.46
c)
P(M or I) = 0.54 + 0.32 - 0.22 = 0.64
d)
P(F and I) = 0.1
e)
P(F | I) = P(F and I)/P(I) = 0.1/0.32 = 0.3125
f)
P(M or F) = P(M) + P(F) = 0.54 + 0.46 = 1
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