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In many states a motorist is legally drunk or driving under the influence (DUI)

ID: 3125507 • Letter: I

Question

In many states a motorist is legally drunk or driving under the influence (DUI) if his/ her blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0.10% or higher. When a suspected DUI offender is pulled over, police often request a sobriety test called a Breathalyzer, in which the suspected offender breathes into a machine that reports BAC. Although the Breathalyzers are remarkably precise, they do exhibit some measurement error. Because of that variability, the possibility exists that a driver's true BAC may be under 0.10% even though the Breathalyzer gives a reading over 0.10%.

Explanation / Answer

A)

We first get the z score for the critical value. As z = (x - u) / s, then as          
          
x = critical value =    0.1      
u = mean =    0.095      
          
s = standard deviation =    0.004      
          
Thus,          
          
z = (x - u) / s =    1.25      
          
Thus, using a table/technology, the right tailed area of this is          
          
P(z >   1.25   ) =    0.105649774 [ANSWER]

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B)

We first get the z score for the critical value. As z = (x - u) / s, then as          
          
x = critical value =    0.1      
u = mean =    0.15      
          
s = standard deviation =    0.004      
          
Thus,          
          
z = (x - u) / s =    -12.5      
          
Thus, using a table/technology, the left tailed area of this is          
          
P(z <   -12.5   ) =    3.73256E-36 [ALMOST 0] [ANSWER]

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c)

FOR THE PROBABILITY THAT ONE OF THEM GETS A DUI CHARGE:

We first get the z score for the critical value. As z = (x - u) / s, then as          
          
x = critical value =    0.1      
u = mean =    0.1      
          
s = standard deviation =    0.004      
          
Thus,          
          
z = (x - u) / s =    0      
          
Thus, using a table/technology, the right tailed area of this is          
          
P(z >   0   ) =    0.5

Hence, the probability that a person will not be guilty is 1 - 0.5 = 0.5.

As

P(at least one guilty) = 1 - P(none guilty)

Then

P(at least one guilty) = 1 - 0.5^9 = 0.998046875 [ANSWER]

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