In a recent clinical trial a comparison was done to assess the rates of certain
ID: 3129871 • Letter: I
Question
In a recent clinical trial a comparison was done to assess the rates of certain adverse side effects for a group taking an experimental drug versus those in a control group. In this study, 148 participants received the experimental drug and 294 subjects received a placebo. A table summarizing the results of this study is provided below.
For each of the adverse side effects studied, calculate the relative risk for that effect when taking the drug versus taking the placebo. In addition, report the percent change in risk associated with each relative risk.
Use 3 decimal place precision for your answers
Headache side effect:
Relative risk =
% change in risk =
Nausea side effect:
Relative risk =
% change in risk =
Insomnia side effect:
Relative risk =
% change in risk =
Explanation / Answer
In a recent clinical trial a comparison was done to assess the rates of certain adverse side effects for a group taking an experimental drug versus those in a control group. In this study, 148 participants received the experimental drug and 294 subjects received a placebo. A table summarizing the results of this study is provided below.
Headache
Nausea
Insomnia
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
Drug
27
121
31
117
19
129
Placebo
21
273
26
268
3
291
For each of the adverse side effects studied, calculate the relative risk for that effect when taking the drug versus taking the placebo. In addition, report the percent change in risk associated with each relative risk.
Use 3 decimal place precision for your answers
Relative risk = (A/{A+C})/(B/{B+D})
Headache side effect:
Absolute risk in treatment group
0.182
Absolute risk in control group
0.071
Relative risk (RR)
2.554
% increase = (RR - 1) x 100
% change in risk = 1.554*100=155.4 % increase
Nausea side effect:
Absolute risk in treatment group
0.209
Absolute risk in control group
0.088
Relative risk (RR)
2.369
Absolute risk reduction (ARR)
-0.121
% change in risk = 1.369*100=136.9% increase
Insomnia side effect:
Absolute risk in treatment group
0.128
Absolute risk in control group
0.010
Absolute risk reduction (ARR)
-0.118
Relative risk (RR)
12.581
11.581*100 =1158.1% increase
Headache
Nausea
Insomnia
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
Drug
27
121
31
117
19
129
Placebo
21
273
26
268
3
291
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