Translate Arguments Assignment REMEMBER: If P, then Q is called a conditional st

Question

Translate Arguments Assignment

REMEMBER:

If P, then Q is called a conditional statement. So, a conditional statement is an If-then claim.

If P, then Q is symbolized as P Q.

The P part is called the antecedent of the conditional (It is the if-part or the sufficient condition); the Q part is called the consequent of the conditional (It is the then-part or the necessary condition).

PART 1: For example, translate the following statement to its corresponding SYMBOLIC expression.

If I take the test, then I score high.

Let P = I take the test; Q = I score high. [A TRANSLATION KEY LIKE THIS MUST BE PROVIDED WHEN WORKING WITH THIS TYPE OF EXERCISE.]

So, If P, then Q.

Answer (What is the SYMBOLIC expression?):

P Q

PART 2: For example, identify the antecedent and the consequent for this conditional.

Answer:

Antecedent = I take the test

Consequent = I score high

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Translation Tips:

Tip #1: Put the IF-PART first and the THEN-PART second.

So, (Q, if P) = (If P, then Q)

For example, (I sleep, if I’m tired) = (If I’m tired, then I sleep)

Tip #2: only if = then

So, (P only if Q) = (If P, then Q)

For example, Mary drinks cola only if it is Pepsi = If Mary drinks cola, then it is Pepsi.

Tip #3: unless = if-not

So, (P unless Q) = (P, if-not Q) = (if-not Q, then P)

For example, Mary drinks cola unless it is Coke = If it is not Coke, then Mary drinks cola.

Question 1:

a. Translate the following statements to their corresponding SYMBOLIC expressions. Be sure to use statement indicators and connective indicators in your translation to produce conditional statements. A TRANSLATION KEY MUST BE PROVIDED FOR EACH EXERCISE (see above for an example).

                1) If it is raining, then Jack will not go to the baseball game.

                2) I eat, if I’m hungry.

                3) Jack watches football on T.V. only if the Ohio State team is playing.

                4) Janet plays with weird pets unless it is a tarantula.

                5) When I watch a baseball game, I eat several hot dogs.

b. For these five statements above, identify the antecedent and the consequent for each conditional.

Question 2:

Construct a valid DEDUCTIVE arguments by applying the FIVE argument forms (rules) on the worksheet below. You will need to insert your own example for each rule, following the form of the argument. A TRANSLATION KEY MUST BE PROVIDED FOR EACH EXERCISE (see above for an example).

FORMS/RULES:

Modus Ponens

1) If p, then q.

2) p.

-------------------

3) Thus, q.

Modus Tollens

1) If p, then q.

2) Not q.

-------------------

3) Thus, not p.

Hypothetical Syllogism

1) If p, then q.

2) If q, then r.

---------------------------

3) Thus, if p, then r.

Disjunctive Syllogism

1) p or q.

2) Not p.

---------------

3) Thus, q.

Dilemma

1) p or q.

2) If p, then r.

3) If q, then s.

-------------------

4) Thus, r or s.

YOUR EXAMPLES FOR EACH FORM/RULE ABOVE:

Question 3:

1. Answer the question: What is the advantage of translating verbal arguments to symbolic argument forms?

Explanation / Answer

Action item 1

A. 1. P = it's raining

Q = Jack will not go to the basketball game

Statement says "If it's raining, Jack will not go to the basketball game". So (IF P, Then Q)

2. Q = I eat. P = I'm hungry

I eat, if I am hungry. (Q, IF P)

3. Q = jack watches football on tv

P = Ohio state team is playing

Jack watches football on tv, only if Ohio state team is playing.

(Q, Only-IF P)

4. P = Janet plays with weird pets. Q = It is a tarantula

Janet plays with weird pets, unless it is a tarantula. (P unless Q)

5. P = I watch a baseball game. Q = I eat several hot dogs

If I watch a baseball game, I eat several hot dogs. (IF P, then Q)

Action item 2 not clear

Action item 3. There are several advantages of translating verbal arguments to symbolic arguments.

Firstly, you get to know the independent and the dependent variable. That way you know what can change without any issue.

Secondly, the dependency and form is very clear. Symbols make it very clear.

Thirdly, multiple ways of representation can be done with symbols.

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