Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

Using what you know about the organisms below (and/or the trusty internet) creat

ID: 315177 • Letter: U

Question

Using what you know about the organisms below (and/or the trusty internet) create a matrix of six binary characters that could be helpful in understanding the phylogenetic relationships of these organism. Code the character status in the matrix below. Character 1: Character 2: Character 3: Character 4: Character 5: Character 6: Map your characters onto the two phylogenies below. Using a parsimony criterion which phylogeny is the best hypothesis about the relationships among these organisms? Why? Using the phylogeny on the right, list a symplesiomorphy for the classification Mammalia (Whale + Horse + Bat). List a symplesiomorphy for the classification Amniota (Reptilia + Mammalia). Using the entire tree on the right come up with one characteristic that is homoplastic. What are the causes of homoplasy?

Explanation / Answer

3.

We would take following characters

Endothermic

Vertebrate

Ureotelic

Viviparous

Breath through lungs

Limbs

Presence for 1 absence = 0

4. The second phylogenic tree is providing best hypothesis for relations amongst the organisms. The tree is differentiating clearly on the basis of reproduction system; Bat, whale, and horse are viviparous. Frog is amphibian so it occupies less similarity amongst all organisms.