Because statistical software plays such an important role in modern statistical
ID: 3157487 • Letter: B
Question
Because statistical software plays such an important role in modern statistical applications, many studies have encouraged the use of technology in statistics courses. The Guidelines for the Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) (Aliaga et al., 2005) project was funded by the American Statistical Association to examine needs for college level statistics courses. One of the six recommendations from GAISE is the use of technology for developing conceptual understanding and analyzing data. A survey was sent to students at 100 different universities across the United States to access the relationship between ease of learning the statistical software program SAS and a student's currently level of SAS proficiency. The results of the survey are published in Jackson et al., 2011, in the International Mathematical Forum journal and are shown below.
Table 1.Two-way table for ease of learning SAS and SAS proficiency level.
Proficiency
Ease
Not proficient
Somewhat proficient
Very proficient
Total
Difficult
11
15
2
28
Somewhat easy
8
33
11
52
Very easy
1
17
14
32
Total
20
65
27
112
Proficiency
Ease
Not proficient
Somewhat proficient
Very proficient
Total
Difficult
A
D
G
J
Somewhat easy
B
E
H
K
Very easy
C
F
I
L
Total
What are the degrees of freedom for the test statistic used to test for a relationship between ease of learning SAS and SAS proficiency?
4
6
9
None of the above
Because statistical software plays such an important role in modern statistical applications, many studies have encouraged the use of technology in statistics courses. The Guidelines for the Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) (Aliaga et al., 2005) project was funded by the American Statistical Association to examine needs for college level statistics courses. One of the six recommendations from GAISE is the use of technology for developing conceptual understanding and analyzing data. A survey was sent to students at 100 different universities across the United States to access the relationship between ease of learning the statistical software program SAS and a student's currently level of SAS proficiency. The results of the survey are published in Jackson et al., 2011, in the International Mathematical Forum journal and are shown below.
Table 1.Two-way table for ease of learning SAS and SAS proficiency level.
Proficiency
Ease
Not proficient
Somewhat proficient
Very proficient
Total
Difficult
11
15
2
28
Somewhat easy
8
33
11
52
Very easy
1
17
14
32
Total
20
65
27
112
Proficiency
Ease
Not proficient
Somewhat proficient
Very proficient
Total
Difficult
A
D
G
J
Somewhat easy
B
E
H
K
Very easy
C
F
I
L
Total
What are the degrees of freedom for the test statistic used to test for a relationship between ease of learning SAS and SAS proficiency?
4
6
9
None of the above
Explanation / Answer
^2 degrees of freedom = ( r-1 ) * (c-1) = (3-1)(3-1) = 2 * 2 = 4 derees of freedom
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