A twin design is used to study age related macular degeneration (AMD), a common

Question

A twin design is used to study age related macular degeneration (AMD), a common eye disease of the elderly that results in substantial losses in vision. Suppose we contact 66 twinships where one twin has AMD and the other has not. The twins are given a dietary questionnaire to report their dietary habits. We find that in 10 twins the AMD takes multivitamin (MV) and the normal twin does not. In 8 twins the normal twin takes MV supplements and the AMD twin does not. In 3 twins both take MV and in 45 twins neither take MV.

a) How many concordant pairs are there?

b) How many discordant pairs are there?

Explanation / Answer

Then, compare the remaining pairs:

7 of the pairs are concordant. 3 of the pairs are discordant.

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