3. Be able to describe how experiments would be conducted to test for whether or

Question

3. Be able to describe how experiments would be conducted to test for whether or not two species were competing. 4. What ist heeffect of niche on competition between two or more species. 5. What is mutualism? 6. How might mutualism sevolve? Predation 1. What are trophic interactions? 2. What is parasitism? 3. Know the difference between lethal and non-lethal interactions. 4. What are the various ways plants defend themselves against predators? 5. Why are many secondary plant compounds of interest toscientists? 6. What are the various ways animals defend themselves against predators? 7. What is a keystone species? 8. What are indirect vs. direct effects? 9. Know the types of ecological succession.

Explanation / Answer

Tropic interactions - The link between food chains at two or more than two levels. The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.

2. Parasitism - it is a type of symbiotic relationship wherein one organism thrives at the cost of the other. The organism which benefits is known as the 'parasite', while the one which has to bear the brunt of the relationship is known as the 'host'.

3. lethal (density?mediated) and nonlethal (trait?mediated).

4.plant can adapt themselves in two ways. 1) structural and anatomical changes. 2) chemical changes.

1) Structural changes -physical barrier, physical defence like thrones

2) chemical changes - producing toxic compounds, producing bad smell.

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