evie the imfarmation in this lab and i discussion 7. NOTE: You may answer questi
ID: 3166786 • Letter: E
Question
evie the imfarmation in this lab and i discussion 7. NOTE: You may answer questions 3. and 7. after lat hy do you report 2 in the chart below, indicating whe bition smaller or large smaller zone of inhibition larger zone o Hydrophobic (upid soluble) antimicrobial Hydrophilic (water soluble) antimicrobial Small molecular weight antimicrobial Large molecular weight antimicrobial 3. In addition the susceptibility of the bacteria to the antimicrobial and the concentration of the antim?crobial in the disk, briefly explain how 2 factors in the testing procedure other than those liste the chart above might influence the size of the zone of inhibition. re R plasmids? What role do they play etine the terms MRSA, and VRE and discuss the importance of these pathogens Are the gens only found in the clinical setting or do they also cause community acquired infection to your notes if you watched the Superbuas" video or Gooale"the fonicExplanation / Answer
1. Susceptibility is reported instead of only zone of inhibition because zone of inhibition is an experimental procedure and is affected by a number of factors. Susceptibility is calculated for an antimicrobial agent by optimizing those factors. Zone of inhibition may vary in case of different experimental conditions, so the final result of susceptibility is calculated in each experiment and then reported.
3.Two factors that might influence zone of Inhibition:
Time of disc application: If the plates are kept at room temperature after being seeded for longer than the standard time before placing the discs, reduction of zome of inhibition will occur as the inoculum organism will start multiplication.
Inoculum density: If the inoculum density is too light it will cause higher zone of inhibition than normal. Also if the inoculum density is too heavy it will cause lower zone of inhibition than normal.
Also incubation time , temperature affects the zone of inhibition.
4. R- plasmid: R- plasmids are extrachromosomal self replicating plasmid which are transferred to bacterias via conjugation and have genes for different antibiotic resistance.
R plasmid contains genes that codes for different enzymes that destroyes the antibiotics. For example ampicillin resistance gene codes for beta-lactamase enzyme which destroys the beta-lactum ring of ampicillin and thus rendering the antibiotic inactive and the bacteris susceptible to that antibiotic. A single R-plasmid may contain muliple antibiotic resistance gene.
5. MRSA- Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus- This is a pathogen which causes severe skin and wound infection and difficult to treat because it is resistant to this common antibiotic methicillin.
These are not only found in clinical setting and can be found in community acquired infection because it spreads through contact.
VRE- Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci- This is also a bacteria which has a number of antibiotic resistant. Because of this antibiotic resistance these bacterias causes infection of the intestine.
Mostly this bacteria is spread in clinical setting through the hands of the healthcare proffesionals.
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