7. The gases ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and beta-propiolactone are used wh

Question

7. The gases ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and beta-propiolactone are used when a. to clean deep wounds b. prions need to be removed from medical instruments c. objects to be sterilized are heat or water sensitive d. general degerming of surfaces 8. Antibiotics are often classified based on their mechanism of action. A) What is the class of mechanisms of action for which penicillin is an example? B) How specifically does it mess with bacteria? 9. Penicillin is most effective against Gram positive bacteria, if you are considering all potential bacterial pathogerns. This is known as its: a. Selective toxicity b. Mechanism of action c. Spectrum of activity d. Mode of action 10. Which mechanism of action should provide better selective toxicity: protein synthesis inhibition or cell wall synthesis? Explain your answer

Explanation / Answer

7. Option b - when prions need to be removed from medical instruments

8. Penicillin is a cell wall inhibitor. It blocks the synthesis of peptidoglycan required for the formation of cell wall.

9. Option c - spectrum of activity.

Reason: Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to kill or control only the target organism without affecting the host. Mechanism of action and mode of action both are same. Spectrum of activity refers to which group of bacteria it is more specific. Hence, the correct answer is option C

10. Better selective toxicity is achieved by using the inhibitors of cell wall synthesis. The reason behind this is, eukaryotes lack cell wall. But bacteria shows the presence of cell wall. The drug will not show any adverse effect when targetted to the cell wall of the pathogen. In case of protein synthesis inhibitors, except one amino acid, most of the protein synthesis machinery in prokaryotes is similar to eukaryotes. Hence, effective selective toxicity cannot be achieved by using the drug which inhibits protein synthesis.

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