1. Prior to migration, a hummingbird consumes large amounts of nectar and insect
ID: 3166885 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Prior to migration, a hummingbird consumes large amounts of nectar and insects, nearly doubling its weight. The added weight is stored primarily as glycogen, because glycogen can be stored in the muscles needed for flight. protein, because it will be needed for muscle repair during flight. glucose, because most of their diet is sugars. water, because dehydration is one of the greatest risks the birds will face during migration. fat, because it is the most compact fuel.
2. A vertebrate animal that has enlarged canine teeth is likely a(n) herbivore. carnivore. autotroph. omnivore. fluid feeder.
3. Which statement about the tubular digestive tract of animals is true? All digestion occurs inside the digestive tract. Food is digested primarily intracellularly. Food must always be broken into smaller pieces before ingestion. There is one opening to the digestive tract. The digestive tract is uniform throughout its length.
4. Koalas eat primarily eucalyptus leaves, though they are unable to secrete the enzymes necessary to break down most of the fibrous material of the leaves. The most likely explanation for how they survive on this diet is that they harbor a large microbiome in their guts that break down the majority of the fibrous material. their digestive tract includes a large cecum that functions primarily to increase the absorptive area of the intestines. their metabolism is so slow that they do not need to derive nutrients from the fibrous material. by practicing coprophagia, they are able to obtain further nutrients by secreting cellulase when ingesting feces. they drink large amounts of water, which is held in the gut for long periods of time to dissolve the fibrous material.
5. If you eat a large steak and a protein shake, your high-protein meal will be processed in your stomach to become chyme. As that chyme is being passed along to your small intestine, your stomach will release cholecystokinin, which will increase the delivery of chyme. your stomach will release gastrin, which will slow down the delivery of chyme. your intestine will release secretin, which will slow down the delivery of chyme. your intestine will release bicarbonate, which will slow down the delivery of chyme. your stomach will receive additional pancreatic enzymes to speed up digestion and the delivery of chyme.
6. You get up late and rush to class without eating breakfast. You have the energy to make it through to lunch because your muscles have been using aerobic processes to raise lactate levels in your blood. your pancreas has been stimulated to secrete insulin, raising blood glucose levels. your liver has been converting glycogen into glucose and releasing this into your blood. your liver has been converting monosaccharides and amino acids into glycogen. your muscles have been releasing glycogen into your blood.
7. Waves of muscle contractions that move the intestinal contents are caused by the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the gut in response to being stretched. regulated by liver secretions. caused by contractions of skeletal muscle. called peristalsis. voluntary.
8. People who take antacids on a regular basis are likely to impair their absorption of protein nutrients, primarily because the lower pH of the stomach will inhibit activation of protein-digesting enzymes. their stomach will secrete less pepsin. the pepsin in their stomach will not be converted into pepsinogen. the higher pH of the stomach will prevent lipases from being activated. lower amounts of proteases will be activated by HCl and autocatalysis.
9. If a person does not produce adequate amounts of bile, they will likely not break large lipid droplets into micelles. lose most of the submucosal layer in their intestines. develop an infected appendix. revert to autotrophy. not convert starch to maltose efficiently.
10. If a cow were given a broad spectrum of antibiotics for an infection, digestion of which nutrient(s) would be most directly affected? Nucleic acids Cellulose Proteins Fatty acids Glucose
11. While humans gain vitamins, such as _______, from their intestinal microbiome, they do not depend on their microbiome for major breakdown of plant materials in their stomachs, as _______ do. vitamin K and biotin; moose vitamin A and vitamin B12; goats vitamin B7; tigers vitamin D; elephants vitamin E; rabbits
12. A scientist doing research on a mouse measures insulin levels in its blood, glycogen synthase levels in its liver, and lipase levels in its fat tissue. She takes these measurements before and after feeding the mouse a starchy meal. Following the starchy meal, it is likely that the insulin levels in the blood have risen, and glycogen synthase levels in the liver as well as lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen. have fallen, glycogen synthase levels in the liver have fallen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have risen. and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have not changed, but lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen. and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have risen, and lipase levels in the fat tissue have fallen. and glycogen synthase levels in the liver have not changed, but lipase levels in the fat tissue have risen.
13. A high level of glucose in the bloodstream would trigger secretion of glucagon. insulin. HDLs. fructose. VLDLs.
14. A mouse with an ob/ob genotype lacks functional leptin. A second mouse with a db/db genotype lacks functional leptin receptors. Both mice have been allowed to feed at will. It is most likely that the ob/ob mouse will be obese and the db/db mouse will be a normal weight. both the ob/ob mouse and the db/db mouse will be thin. the ob/ob mouse will be obese and the db/db mouse will be thin. the ob/ob mouse will be thin and the db/db mouse will be obese. both the ob/ob mouse and the db/db mouse will be obese.
15. In an experiment with wild-type rats, you inject an experimental group of rats with ghrelin dissolved in a solvent, and the control group with just the solvent. In subsequent observations of the two groups, you would expect the control group's behavior to remain the same and the experimental group to _______ than the control group. sleep more eat more eat less sleep less drink less
Explanation / Answer
1)Prior to migration, a hummingbird consumes large amounts of nectar and insects, nearly doubling its weight. The added weight is stored primarily as fat, because it is the most compact fuel. Hummingbirds accumulate over 40% body fat shortly before migrations in the spring and autumn. Before leaving land, hummingbirds double their weight by gorging to add fat as an energy reserve; in good weather they can go 600 miles without stopping.
2) A vertebrate animal that has enlarged canine teeth is likely a Carnivore. Carnivorous animals subsist on the flesh, bones, and viscera of other creatures. Carnivores drive these teeth through the flesh of their prey with the help of very large temporalis muscles, which are responsible for pulling the lower jaw upwards and backwards towards the skull.
3) Food must always be broken into smaller pieces before ingestion. This is correct with regards to tubular digestive tract of animals. Most animals above the level of cnidarians and flatworms have a complete digestive tract; i.e., a tube with two openings—a mouth and an anus. Digestion takes plave both in digestive tract and intracellularly. During intracellular digestion, the breaking down of macromolecules takes place within the cell. During extracellular digestion, macromolecules are broken down in places outside the cell (in the extracellular space, in the surrounding area, in the lumen of digestive tracts, etc.)
4) Koalas eat primarily eucalyptus leaves, though they are unable to secrete the enzymes necessary to break down most of the fibrous material of the leaves. The most likely explanation for how they survive on this diet is that they harbor a large microbiome in their guts that break down the majority of the fibrous material.
A very slow metabolic rate allows Koalas to retain food within their digestive system for a relatively long period of time, maximising the amount of energy able to be extracted. The caecum in Koala's is very long (200 cms). It contains millions of bacteria which break down the fibre into substances which are easier to absorb. Even so, the Koala is still only able to absorb 25 per cent of fibre eaten. Water is also absorbed from the gumleaves, so that Koalas rarely need to drink, although they can do so if necessary, such as in times of drought when the water content of the leaves is reduced.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.