Cellular Respiration (CR) can occur aerobically or , One of the key requirements

Question

Cellular Respiration (CR) can occur aerobically or , One of the key requirements is the presence of a terminal respiration this acceptor is acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. During aeroble The first stage of CR is where a six carbon sugar molecule, is broken into two three-carbon molecules called oxidation-reduction reactions where electrons are transferred from glucose metabolites to forming A total of molecules In the energy Investment stage. The formation of four ATP molecules occurs by a process reduced molecules are formed. Glycolysis results In the use of two .where a phosphate is enzymatically transferred from one substrate to of prokaryotes called another. Gycolysis results Iin a net ATP production of two ATP. Glycolysls occurs In the and eukaryotes. nd product of ghycolysis, pynuvic acld, can now proceed In two directions, depending on the conditions of the cell. Under conditions of low axygen concentration pyruvlc acld wil enter- purpose of this process is the of NADH, forming NAD+ which can be usedfor another round of gycolysils. This allows the cell to make some ATP. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic add wil be axygen, pyruvic acld will be metabolized Into occurs In the mitochondria and serves as the bridge between the cytosol and the reaction occurs, , This process reaction and a and the formation of a molecule of mitochondria.A resulting In the loss of a carbon as Acetyl-CoA enters the Jocated In the matrix of the mitochondria In Here the remalning carbon atoms of glucose are lost as and the cytosol of Several oxidatlon-reduction (redoxj reactions occur,completely axidizing the original glucose molecules and storing the electrons in the electron carriers, NADH and FADH2. Two molecules of ATP are formed per glucose molecule. Overall molecules of NADH, molecules of FADH2 and four molecules of carbon dloxide are formed per stucose molecule. Si types of reactions occur in the Krebs cycle: Anabollsm of citric acd, Redox reactions and a Hydration reaction. The high energy electron carrlers of NADH and FADH2 produced by the oxldation of glucose travel to the located In the inner membrane of the mitochondria in eukaryotes and in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. Through a serles of redox reactions, electrons are passed down a series of protelns and electron carlers that mae upthe elecron tansport chain. The electrons are eventully passed to_ formingW pumped across the membrane Into a membrane space. This forms an across the selectively permeable membrane. The potential energy stored In this gradlent is used to drive the axidative With the passage of electrons through membrane-embedded proteins of ATP by the membrane embedded ATP synthase complex. This results in the formation ofAlP molecules pr

Explanation / Answer

cellular respiration can occur aerobically or anaerobically. one of the key requirements is the presence of a terminal oxygen acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis where the 6 carbon molecule glucose is broken into two three carbon molecules called puruvic acid.This pathway includes oxidation reduction reaction where electrons are transferred from glucose metabolite to  NAD+ is reduced to NADH +. A total of 2 NADH reduced mlolecules are formed,glycolysis results in the use of two ATP molecules in the energy investmet stage.The formation of 4 ATP molecules occures by a process called Substrate-level phosphorylation.Glycolysis occures in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Under condition of low oxygen concentration pyruvic acid will enter anerobic cellular respiration.

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