During the global recession of 2008 and 2009, there were many accusations of une

Question

During the global recession of 2008 and 2009, there were many accusations of unethical behavior by Wall Street executives, financial managers, and other corporate officers. At that time, an article appeared suggesting that part of the reason for such unethical business behavior may stem from the fact that cheating has become more prevalent among business students. The article reported that 86% of business students admitted to cheating at some time during their academic career as compared to 77% of non-business students.

Cheating has been a concern of the dean of the College of Business at Rocky University for several years. Some faculty members in the college believe that cheating is more widespread at Rocky than at other universities, while other faculty members think that cheating is not a major problem at the college. To resolve some of these issues, the dean commissioned a study to assess the current ethical behavior of business students at Rocky. As part of this study, an anonymous exit survey was administered to a sample of 90 business students from this year’s graduating class. Responses to the following questions were used to obtain data regarding three types of cheating.

During your time at Rocky, did you ever present work copied off the internet as your own?

____ Yes
____ No

During your time at Rocky, did you ever copy answers off another student’s exam?

____ Yes
____ No

During your time at Rocky, did you ever collaborate with other students on projects that were supposed to be completed individually?

____ Yes
____ No

Any student who answered yes to one or more of these questions was considered to have been involved in some type of cheating. The complete data set is in the file named Rocky, linked at the bottom of the page.

Conduct a hypothesis test (using either the p-value approach or the critical value approach) to determine if the proportion of all business students at Rocky University who were not involved in some type of cheating is less than that of all business students elsewhere. Use = 0.05. Do not forget to include the correctly worded hypotheses.

Student Copied from Internet Copied on Exam Collaborated on Individual Project Gender 1 NO YES NO Male 2 YES NO YES Female 3 NO YES YES Female 4 NO NO NO Male 5 NO YES NO Male 6 NO NO YES Female 7 NO NO YES Male 8 YES YES YES Male 9 YES NO NO Female 10 NO NO YES Female 11 NO YES NO Male 12 YES YES NO Female 13 YES NO YES Male 14 YES NO NO Female 15 NO NO YES Female 16 YES YES NO Female 17 YES YES YES Male 18 NO YES NO Female 19 YES NO YES Male 20 NO NO YES Male 21 NO YES NO Female 22 NO NO NO Male 23 YES NO NO Male 24 YES YES YES Female 25 NO NO YES Male 26 NO YES NO Male 27 NO YES YES Female 28 YES NO YES Female 29 YES NO NO Female 30 YES YES NO Male 31 NO NO NO Male 32 NO NO YES Female 33 NO YES YES Female 34 NO NO YES Male 35 YES YES NO Female 36 NO YES YES Female 37 NO YES NO Female 38 NO NO YES Male 39 YES NO NO Male 40 NO YES YES Male 41 NO NO NO Female 42 YES YES YES Male 43 YES YES NO Female 44 YES NO NO Female 45 NO NO NO Female 46 YES YES YES Female 47 NO NO YES Male 48 YES NO NO Male 49 NO NO NO Female 50 YES NO YES Male 51 NO NO YES Female 52 YES NO YES Male 53 YES YES NO Male 54 NO NO YES Female 55 NO NO NO Male 56 NO YES NO Male 57 NO NO YES Male 58 YES NO NO Female 59 YES YES NO Female 60 YES NO NO Male 61 NO NO YES Male 62 YES YES NO Female 63 NO NO NO Female 64 YES YES YES Male 65 YES YES YES Female 66 YES YES NO Male 67 YES NO YES Female 68 NO NO YES Female 69 YES YES YES Male 70 YES NO YES Male 71 NO NO YES Female 72 YES NO NO Female 73 YES NO YES Female 74 YES YES NO Female 75 YES NO NO Female 76 YES YES YES Female 77 YES YES NO Female 78 NO NO NO Male 79 NO YES NO Female 80 NO NO NO Male 81 YES NO YES Female 82 YES YES NO Male 83 YES NO YES Male 84 YES YES YES Female 85 YES YES NO Male 86 YES YES NO Female 87 NO NO YES Male 88 YES YES YES Female 89 YES YES YES Male 90 YES YES YES Female

Explanation / Answer

Solution:-

P = 1 - 0.86 = 0.14

Sample size = n = 90

Number of students in Rockey University who are not involved in any type of cheating = 10

p = 10/90 = 0.111

State the hypotheses. The first step is to state the null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

Null hypothesis: P > 0.14

Alternative hypothesis: P < 0.14

Note that these hypotheses constitute a one-tailed test.

Formulate an analysis plan. For this analysis, the significance level is 0.05. The test method, shown in the next section, is a one-sample z-test.

Analyze sample data. Using sample data, we calculate the standard deviation () and compute the z-score test statistic (z).

= sqrt[ P * ( 1 - P ) / n ]

= 0.03658

z = (p - P) /

z = - 0.79

where P is the hypothesized value of population proportion in the null hypothesis, p is the sample proportion, and n is the sample size.

Since we have a one-tailed test, the P-value is the probability that the z-score is less than - 0.79. We use the Normal Distribution Calculator to find P(z < - 0.79) = 0.2148

Thus, the P-value = 0.2148

Interpret results. Since the P-value (0.2148) is greater than the significance level (0.05), we have to accept the null hypothesis.

From the above test we do not have sufficint evidence in the favor of the claim that the proportion of all business students at Rocky University who were not involved in some type of cheating is less than that of all business students elsewhere.

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