Between March 25 and September 2, 2015, a total of 8698 persons in Sierra Leone
ID: 3172823 • Letter: B
Question
Between March 25 and September 2, 2015, a total of 8698 persons in Sierra Leone were confirmed to have been infected with the Ebola virus. Interviews with the impacted communities led to the identification of an additional 4911 people with similar symptoms who were suspected of having had Ebola, but were never confirmed by laboratory tests. It is estimated that a total of 100,000 people in Sierra Leone were exposed to the virus during this time period.* Calculate the attack rate amongst people who were exposed to the virus during the time of the outbreak: 5102 of the confirmed cases. 2460 of the suspected cases, and 48, 080 of the exposed persons were females. Calculate the sex-specific attack rates: _____ Calculate the ratio of the rate in males to the rate in females: _____ The age group distribution of the ill and well persons who were exposed to the virus is shown below: Based on follow up interviews, 7, 080 of the ill persons and 21, 250 of the well persons were found to have had close contact with someone who had exhibited Ebola-like symptoms. All other persons reported that they did not have close contact with someone who had exhibited Ebola-like symptoms. Calculate the attack rate for those who reported having close contact with a person exhibiting symptoms: _____ Calculate the attack rate among those who reported not having close contact with a person exhibiting symptoms: _____ Based on this data, would you recommend primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention for the virus? Why?Explanation / Answer
Attack rate is the proportion of people who became ill after a specified exposure.
Attack rate = Number of cases of disease in population at risk/ Number of people in population at risk
10. 8698/100000 = 0.08698
11. a) Attack rate for Males = 8698-5102/100000-48080 = 3596/51920 = 0.0692604006
Attack rate for Females = 5102/48080= 0.1061148087
b) Ratio of rate in male to female = Attack rate of male/ Attack rate of female
= 0.0692604006/0.1061148087 = 0.6526930732
= 0.653 approximately
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