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Do grocery stores shelve breakfast cereals (Frosted Flakes, etc.) aimed at child

ID: 3174040 • Letter: D

Question

Do grocery stores shelve breakfast cereals (Frosted Flakes, etc.) aimed at children on the third (bottom) shelf and healthier cereals on higher shelves? We have a data set that tells us the sugar content of breakfast cereals and the shelf on which they are located. Shelf 3 is the lowest shelf, 2 is in the middle, and 1 is on the top. We ran an ANOVA with sugar in grams as the response variable and shelf as the factor. This is what we got (higher numbers mean higher sugar content):

One-way ANOVA: Sugars versus Shelf

Source DF SS MS F P

Shelf 2 220.2 110.1 6.60 0.002

Error 73 1217.7 16.7

Total 75 1437.9

S = 4.084 R-Sq = 15.32% R-Sq(adj) = 13.00%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev

Level N Mean StDev -------+---------+---------+---------+--

1 19 5.105 4.483 (------*-------)

2 21 9.619 4.129 (------*-------)

3 36 6.528 3.836 (----*-----)

-------+---------+---------+---------+--

5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5

Pooled StDev = 4.084

Question: To test our initial hypothesis that cereal shelved on the bottom shelf is the most sugary, we could test the contrast:

H0: = 3 - ½(1 + 2) = 0

Against the alternative:

HA: = 3 - ½(1 + 2) > 0

That is, our alternative is that Shelf 3 cereals have a higher sugar content than the average of shelves 1 and 2.

Obtain the test statistic to evaluate the null hypothesis (three decimal places) ________________

What is the p-value associated with the test statistic? [Note that it is a right tail test] (two decimal places) ___________

Explanation / Answer

Result:

Do grocery stores shelve breakfast cereals (Frosted Flakes, etc.) aimed at children on the third (bottom) shelf and healthier cereals on higher shelves? We have a data set that tells us the sugar content of breakfast cereals and the shelf on which they are located. Shelf 3 is the lowest shelf, 2 is in the middle, and 1 is on the top. We ran an ANOVA with sugar in grams as the response variable and shelf as the factor. This is what we got (higher numbers mean higher sugar content):

One-way ANOVA: Sugars versus Shelf

Source DF SS MS F P

Shelf 2 220.2 110.1 6.60 0.002

Error 73 1217.7 16.7

Total 75 1437.9

S = 4.084 R-Sq = 15.32% R-Sq(adj) = 13.00%

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev

Level N Mean StDev -------+---------+---------+---------+--

1 19 5.105 4.483 (------*-------)

2 21 9.619 4.129 (------*-------)

3 36 6.528 3.836 (----*-----)

-------+---------+---------+---------+--

5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5

Pooled StDev = 4.084

Question: To test our initial hypothesis that cereal shelved on the bottom shelf is the most sugary, we could test the contrast:

H0: = 3 - ½(1 + 2) = 0

Against the alternative:

HA: = 3 - ½(1 + 2) > 0

That is, our alternative is that Shelf 3 cereals have a higher sugar content than the average of shelves 1 and 2.

Obtain the test statistic to evaluate the null hypothesis (three decimal places) -0.888

What is the p-value associated with the test statistic? [Note that it is a right tail test] (two decimal places)   0.8113

There is not enough evidence to conclude that Shelf 3 cereals have a higher sugar content than the average of shelves 1 and 2.

Standard error = sqrt(16.7*(1/36 +1/(4*19)+1/(4*21))) = 0.93938

test statistic = ( 6.528-(5.105+9.619)/2) /0.93938

=-0.88782

DF for t test =73

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