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The following table was presented in an article summarizing a study to compare a

ID: 3177437 • Letter: T

Question

The following table was presented in an article summarizing a study to compare a new drug to a standard drug and to a placebo.

Characteristic*

New Drug

Standard Drug

Placebo

p

Age, years

45.2 (4.8)

44.9 (5.1)

42.8 (4.3)

0.5746

% Female

51%

55%

57%

0.1635

Annual Income, $000s

59.5 (14.3)

63.8 (16.9)

58.2 (13.6)

0.4635

% with Insurance

87%

65%

82%

0.0352

Disease Stage

0.0261

Stage I

35%

18%

33%

Stage II

42%

37%

47%

Stage III

23%

51%

20%

*Table entries and Mean (SD) or %

Are there any statistically significant differences in the characteristics shown among the treatments?   Justify your answer.

Consider the test for differences in age among treatments. Write the hypotheses and the formula of the test statistic used (No computations required – formula only).

Consider the test for differences in insurance coverage among treatments. Write the hypotheses and the formula of the test statistic used (No computations required – formula only).

Consider the test for differences in disease stage among treatments. Write the hypotheses and the formula of the test statistic used (No computations required – formula only).

Characteristic*

New Drug

Standard Drug

Placebo

p

Age, years

45.2 (4.8)

44.9 (5.1)

42.8 (4.3)

0.5746

% Female

51%

55%

57%

0.1635

Annual Income, $000s

59.5 (14.3)

63.8 (16.9)

58.2 (13.6)

0.4635

% with Insurance

87%

65%

82%

0.0352

Disease Stage

0.0261

Stage I

35%

18%

33%

Stage II

42%

37%

47%

Stage III

23%

51%

20%

Explanation / Answer

The p value corresponding to Percentage of insurance and Diseases stage are 0.0352 and 0.0261. Rejection rule based on P value states that reject H0 and conclude that result is statistically significant if Observed P is less than given significance level, alpha. In case, alpha is not given, assume it to be 0.05. Here, both the p values are less than 0.05, therefore, conclude that significant difference exists in Percentage of insurance and Diseases stage.

H0:muND age=muSD age=muP age=0 (there is no difference in population mean age among the three treatments)

H1:atleast one population mean age for a treatment is different from population mean age of another treatment.

H0:muND%I=muSD%I=muP%I=0 (there is no difference in population mean insurance coverage (%) among the three treatments)

H1:atleast onepopulation mean insurance coverage (%) is different.

H0:muS1=muSII=muSIII=0 (there is no difference in population mean disease stage among the three treatments)

H1:atleast one population mean disease stage is different.

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