PLEASE EXPLAIN THIS QUESTION 5.7 In the 1920s, a vaccine called BCG was tested t

Question

PLEASE EXPLAIN THIS QUESTION

5.7 In the 1920s, a vaccine called BCG was tested to see if it could reduce deaths from tuberculosis [12]. A group of doctors gave the vaccine to children from some tubercular families and not to others, apparently depending on whether parental consent could be obtained easily. Over the subsequent 6-year period, 3.3% of the unvaccinated children and 0.67% of the vaccinated children died from tuberculosis. A second study was then conducted in which doctors vaccinated only half of the children who had parental consent, using the other half as a control group. This time 1.42% of the unvaccinated children and 1.52% of the vaccinated children died from tuberculosis. Provide a logical explanation for these contradictory findings.

Table 5.3 Exercise 5.6 Doctoral degree Professional degree Master's degree Bachelor's degree Associate's degree Some college, no degree High school diploma No high school diploma Unemployment Rate in 2011 26% 24% 3.6% 49% 68% 8.7% 9.4% 14.1% Median Weekly Earnings in 2011 $1551 $1665 $1263 $1053 $768 $719 $638 $451

Explanation / Answer

The first experiment was not completely random. It is possible that there was difference in the behavior of parents who gave consent and those who did not. Example - There is a possibility that parents who gave consent now also gave consent for other medicines in the next 6 years which reduced the death. Parents who did not give consent now may have had different treatment for the children than the other group. Hence, the difference in death rates.

The second experiment is a complete test-vs-control experiment in which there is no variation in the test-vs-control groups on account of behavior. Hence, the results are different from the first.

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