Introduction Eckerblad and colleagues (2014, p. 351) conducted a comparative des

Question

Introduction Eckerblad and colleagues (2014, p. 351) conducted a comparative descriptive study to examine the symptoms of "patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and determine whether symptom experience differed between patients with mod- erate or severe airflow limitations." The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) was used to measure the symptoms of 42 outpatients with moderate airflow limitations and 49 patients with severe airflow limitations. The results indicated that the mean number of symptoms was 7.9 (t4.3) for both groups combined, with no significant dif ferences found in symptoms between the patients with moderate and severe airflow limi tations. For patients with the highest MSAS symptom burden scores in both the moderate and the severe limitations groups, the symptoms most frequently experienced included shortness of breath, dry mouth, cough, sleep problems, and lack of energy. The research- ers concluded that patients with moderate or severe airflow limitations experienced mul tiple severe symptoms that caused high levels of distress. Quality assessment of COPD patients' physical and psychological symptoms is needed to improve the management of their symptoms.

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

The four psychological symptoms were difficulty sleeping (52%), worrying (33%), feeling irritable (28%) and feeling sad (22%).

There were no significant difference between patients with moderate and severe airflow limitation groups for psychological symptoms. ( Reported result: mental health, P=0.628 which is > 0.05 level.)

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