Children as young as 2 years of age, upon seeing an object placed under a pillow

Question

Children as young as 2 years of age, upon seeing an object placed under a pillow in a familiar setting at home, will remember where to look for it after an interval of time. Investigators believe this capability will be less pronounced in a laboratory situation, where the child is away from the familiar setting of home. Let p denote the proportion of 2-year-olds that have this understanding in the home situation, and suppose that p = .35 . Investigators wish to determine whether the proportion that remembers is smaller when the child is away from home.

a) What is the appropriate null hypothesis in this study?

b) What is the appropriate alternative hypothesis in this study?

c) In the context of this study, describe a Type I and a Type II error.

Explanation / Answer

a) Null Hypothesis: The remembrance capability of children of 2 years age will be same pronounced between a laboratory situation and a familiar setting at home.

H0: P = 0.35

b) Alternative Hypothesis: The remembrance capability of children of 2 years age will be less pronounced in a laboratory situation compare to a familiar setting at home.

H1: P < 0.35

c) Type I Error: The type I error occurs when we reject a true null hypothesis. Here in this situation type I error occurs when by mistake we conclude that the remembrance capability of children of 2 years age will be less pronounced in a laboratory situation compare to a familiar setting at home but in actual the remembrance capability of children of 2 years age will be same pronounced between a laboratory situation and a familiar setting at home.

Type II Error: The type II error occurs when we accept a false null hypothesis. Here in this situation type II error occurs when by mistake we conclude that the remembrance capability of children of 2 years age will be same pronounced between a laboratory situation and a familiar setting at home but in actual the remembrance capability of children of 2 years age will be less pronounced in a laboratory situation compare to a familiar setting at home.

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