A common tool in laboratory medicine and biology is the microarray, a device tha

Question

A common tool in laboratory medicine and biology is the microarray, a device that can measure the expression levels of thousands of genes at once. So, for example, an investigator might collect samples from normal subjects and subjects with cancer in the hopes of finding genes that are significantly associated with cancer. The investigator is therefore testing a null hypothesis for every gene on the array. Suppose that a given array has 2,000 genes, of which 20 are truly associated with cancer. Suppose further that the investigator's hypothesis tests have a Type I error rate of 5% and a Type II error rate of 20% Out of the 2,000 hypothesis tests that the investigator carries out, how many are type I errors How many are type II errors? How many times did the investigator correctly reject the null hypothesis? What was the investigator's false discovery rate? If, for each gene, a 95% confidence interval was calculated for the association between the gene and cancer status, how many of those confidence intervals would contain the true association for that gene?

Explanation / Answer

a)

Type 1 error rate is 5%. 20 are truly associated with cancer. With 5% error rate, (20*5%)= 1 instance of incorrectly being rejected can be determined.

b)

Type 2 errors=1980*20/100=396 instances

c)

1980-396=1584

d)

397/2000*100=19.85%

e)

1584+19=1603

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