We investigated whether Harley could understand human cues. In the study, Harley

Question

We investigated whether Harley could understand human cues. In the study, Harley went to the correct cup 9/10 times. Suppose instead Harley had selected the correct cup 18/20 times.

A. Which of the three influences on strength of evidence (distance, sample size, one- or two-sided) would change? Which would stay the same?

B. A student concluded the evidence against the null hypothesis would become weaker because now Harley got 2 trials incorrect instead of 1. What would you say to this student?

C. For the sake of this exercise, let’s say the researchers thought Harley could also demonstrate an understanding of human cues by deliberately picking the wrong cup. Fill in the blanks:

Still using Harley’s result of 9/10 correct, this new thinking would _(double/halve) the p-value from the original study making the evidence against the null hypothesis _(stronger/weaker)_.

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

A. Amongst the three influences on strength of evidence: distance (standard deviation), sample size and one-or-two-sided, the one that would change is sample size and one -or -two sided alternative. The standard deviation would remain the same.

B. Student conclusion that the evidence against the null hypothesis would become weaker because now Harley got 2 trials incorrect instead of 1 is wrong. Since the sample size has increased therefore the evidence against the null hypothesis would become stronger.

C. Still using Harley's result of 9/10 correct, this new thinking would double the p-value from the original study making the evidence against the null hypothesis weaker

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