I need assistance completing this section of my paper, please. · Industrial/Orga
ID: 3206774 • Letter: I
Question
I need assistance completing this section of my paper, please.
· Industrial/Organizational Psychology:
o A few months ago, the upper management at a large corporation decided they wanted to make major changes in the organization. Leadership is concerned that employees may be resistant to the change, and they want to find out if there is a change management method that would help employees accept change more effectively and keep employee satisfaction high. Two methods they have considered are the ADKAR Framework and the Prosci Change Management Methodology. The company wants to implement a small change in two departments before they make any major organization changes and would like to test the methods. The corporation uses the Devine Company to measure employee satisfaction with an anonymous survey.
Part 2
Analyze the data from Part 1 using Microsoft® Excel® software.
Write a 700- to 875-word paper that includes the following information:
· Describe what method you are using to compare groups.
· Copy and paste the output into a Microsoft® Word document, and also answer the following questions:
o What is the significance level of the comparison?
o What was the alpha level you identified in Week 3?
o What was the means and variance for each variable?
o What was the test statistic?
o What was the critical value for both the one- and two-tailed test?
o Was your test one-tailed or two-tailed?
o Were you able to reject the null hypothesis? In other words, did you prove there was a difference?
· Talk about what these results mean in everyday language and in context to your chosen scenario.
· Make a recommendation based on the findings.
Format your paper according to APA guidelines.
Example of Output You Would Use to Answer These Question’s
t Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Variable 1
Variable 2
Mean
4.875
8
Variance
5.267857143
18.28571429
Observations
8
8
Pooled variance
11.77678571
Hypothesized mean difference
0
df
14
t stat
-1.821237697
P(T <= t) one-tail
0.045002328
t Critical one-tail
1.761310136
P(T <= t) two-tail
0.090004655
t Critical two-tail
2.144786688
This is my excel portion
Null hypothesis: - = 0
Alternative hypothesis – 0
The hypotheses constitute a two-tailed test. The null hypothesis will be rejected if the difference between sample means is too big or if it is too small.
Formulating an analysis plan. For this analysis, the significance level is 0.05. Using sample data, we will conduct a two-sample t-test of the null hypothesis.
Analyze sample data. Using sample data, we compute the standard error (SE), degrees of freedom (DF), and the t statistic test statistic (t).
SE = sqrt [(s12/n1) + (s22/n2)]
S.E = 0.47096
D.F = 49 (By using calculator)
t = [(x1 - x2) - d ] / SE
t = - 3.65
where s1 is the standard deviation of sample 1, s2 is the standard deviation of sample 2, n1 is the size of sample 1, n2 is the size of sample 2, x1 is the mean of sample 1, x2 is the mean of sample 2, d is the hypothesized difference between the population means, and SE is the standard error.
Since we have a two-tailed test, the P-value is the probability that a t statistic having 49 degrees of freedom is more extreme than - 3.65, that is, less than - 3.65 or greater than 3.65.
Thus, the P-value = 0.000636
Interpreting the results. Since the P-value (0.000636) is less than the significance level (0.10), we cannot accept the null hypothesis.
From this we can conclude that the mean of group 1 and group 2 is significantly different.
t Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Variable 1
Variable 2
Mean
4.875
8
Variance
5.267857143
18.28571429
Observations
8
8
Pooled variance
11.77678571
Hypothesized mean difference
0
df
14
t stat
-1.821237697
P(T <= t) one-tail
0.045002328
t Critical one-tail
1.761310136
P(T <= t) two-tail
0.090004655
t Critical two-tail
2.144786688
Explanation / Answer
Solution:
Two sample t-test for the population mean
We use the two sample t test or z test for the purpose of comparing the means of two populations. For checking or testing the claim or hypothesis whether there is any significant difference in the average performance by using the two methods ADKAR Framework and the Prosci Change Management Methodology. For checking this hypothesis we have to use the two sample t test for the population mean. Here, we have to use t test instead of z test because we do not have any idea about the population standard deviations for the given two populations under study. In this case we use the t test if we know the sample mean and sample standard deviations. For this test we assume that the population variances are equal. For this test we use the level of significance or alpha value as 0.05 or 5%. This is a two tailed test. The null and alternative hypothesis for this test is given as below:
Null hypothesis: H0: There is no any significant difference in the average performance by using the two methods ADKAR Framework and the Prosci Change Management Methodology.
Alternative hypothesis: Ha: There is a significant difference in the average performance by using the two methods ADKAR Framework and the Prosci Change Management Methodology.
The test statistic formula for this test is given as below:
Test statistic = t = (X1bar – X2bar) / sqrt[(S1^2/N1)+(S2^2/N2)]
Degrees of freedom for this test is given as 49 (by using excel or calculator). The critical value for the one tailed test is given as 1.761310136 and the critical values for the two tailed test are given as -2.144786688 and 2.144786688. For two tailed test, there are two critical values. We are given, test statistic = t = -3.65 with p-value = 0.000636
For this test we get p-value < alpha value, so we reject the null hypothesis that there is no any significant difference in the average performance by using the two methods ADKAR Framework and the Prosci Change Management Methodology. This means we conclude that there is sufficient evidence that there is a significant difference in the average performance by using the two methods ADKAR Framework and the Prosci Change Management Methodology.
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