A study of the effects of color on casing anxiety, compared anxiety scores of pa

Question

A study of the effects of color on casing anxiety, compared anxiety scores of participants who completed the test printed on either soft yellow paper or on harsh green paper. The anxiety scores for the five participants who completed the test printed on the yellow paper were 17, 19, 18, 21, and 25. The anxiety scores for the five participants who completed the test on the green paper were 23, 26, 27, 24, and 20. Use the 4 steps of hypothesis testing (use a 10% significance level) and an independent samples t-test to test the research hypothesis that the color of the paper changes anxiety. An organizational researcher was interested in if individuals who had flexible work schedules had more positive attitudes toward the company. They recruited 12 people for the study and randomly assigned half to a have a flexible work schedule and half were required to be in the office from 8-5 every day. Those in flexible work schedule conditions gave the following satisfaction with the company ratings (where higher numbers mean more positive attitudes): 14, 9, 8, 12, 12 and 11. Those in the inflexible work schedule gave the following satisfaction with the company ratings: 7, 6, 10, 7, 8, and 4. Use the 4 steps of hypothesis testing (use a 1% significance level) and an independent samples t-test to test the research hypothesis that flexible work schedules changes attitudes toward the company.

Explanation / Answer

(2)

Data:        

n1 = 5       

n2 = 5       

x1-bar = 20       

x2-bar = 24       

s1 = 3.16       

s2 = 2.74       

Hypotheses:        

Ho: 1 = 2        

Ha: 1 2        

Decision Rule:        

= 0.1       

Degrees of freedom = 5 + 5 - 2 = 8      

Lower Critical t- score = -1.859548033       

Upper Critical t- score = 1.859548033       

Reject Ho if |t| > 1.859548033       

Test Statistic:        

Pooled SD, s = [{(n1 - 1) s1^2 + (n2 - 1) s2^2} / (n1 + n2 - 2)] =   (((5 - 1) * 3.16^2 + (5 - 1) * 2.74^2)/(5 + 5 -2)) =     2.957

SE = s * {(1 /n1) + (1 /n2)} = 2.95746513081727 * ((1/5) + (1/5)) = 1.870465183      

t = (x1-bar -x2-bar)/SE = -2.138505457       

p- value = 0.064927346       

Decision (in terms of the hypotheses):        

Since 2.138505457 > 1.859548033 we reject Ho and accept Ha    

Conclusion (in terms of the problem):

It appears that the color changes the anxiety score       

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