An investigator wanted to determine whether vitamin deficiency was associated wi
ID: 3220067 • Letter: A
Question
An investigator wanted to determine whether vitamin deficiency was associated with birth defects. By reviewing the birth certificates during a single year in a large U.S. county, the researcher located 200 infants born with neural tube defects (NTDs). A total of 600 other births were selected at random from the certificates. Mothers were given a dietary questionnaire. Among mothers who gave birth to an infant with an NTD, 80 reported no use of supplementary vitamins; a total of 160 control mothers did not use a vitamin supplement. Calculate and interpret the odds ratio for the association of no vitamin use and NTDs.
1.83; Mothers of infants born with NTD were 1.83 times more likely Not to take a vitamin supplement than mothers of infants born without NTD.
2.7; Mothers who did not take a vitamin supplement were 2.7 times as likely to have an infant born with NTDs than women who took a vitamin supplement.
0.55; Mothers who did not take a vitamin supplement were 0.55 times as likely to have an infant born with NTDs as women who took a vitamin supplement.
1.83; Mothers who took a vitamin supplement had 1.83 increased odds of having an infant born with NTDs.
A.1.83; Mothers of infants born with NTD were 1.83 times more likely Not to take a vitamin supplement than mothers of infants born without NTD.
B.2.7; Mothers who did not take a vitamin supplement were 2.7 times as likely to have an infant born with NTDs than women who took a vitamin supplement.
C.0.55; Mothers who did not take a vitamin supplement were 0.55 times as likely to have an infant born with NTDs as women who took a vitamin supplement.
D.1.83; Mothers who took a vitamin supplement had 1.83 increased odds of having an infant born with NTDs.
Explanation / Answer
Answer:
An investigator wanted to determine whether vitamin deficiency was associated with birth defects. By reviewing the birth certificates during a single year in a large U.S. county, the researcher located 200 infants born with neural tube defects (NTDs). A total of 600 other births were selected at random from the certificates. Mothers were given a dietary questionnaire. Among mothers who gave birth to an infant with an NTD, 80 reported no use of supplementary vitamins; a total of 160 control mothers did not use a vitamin supplement. Calculate and interpret the odds ratio for the association of no vitamin use and NTDs.
NTD
Control
No use
80
160
240
Use
120
440
560
200
600
800
Odds Ratio = (80*440)/(120*160) =1.833
A.
Answer: 1.83; Mothers of infants born with NTD were 1.83 times more likely Not to take a vitamin supplement than mothers of infants born without NTD.
B.
2.7; Mothers who did not take a vitamin supplement were 2.7 times as likely to have an infant born with NTDs than women who took a vitamin supplement.
C.
0.55; Mothers who did not take a vitamin supplement were 0.55 times as likely to have an infant born with NTDs as women who took a vitamin supplement.
D.
1.83; Mothers who took a vitamin supplement had 1.83 increased odds of having an infant born with NTDs.
NTD
Control
No use
80
160
240
Use
120
440
560
200
600
800
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