A health and fitness coach conducted a nine-week experimental study to determine

Question

A health and fitness coach conducted a nine-week experimental study to determine if adolescents' health outcomes would improve as a result of taking his PE class. One group of 40 adolescents was exposed to PE everyday for nine weeks. The outcomes of interest are BMI and percent of body fat, and both of these were assessed at the beginning (pretest) and end (posttest) of the treatment. A paired samples t test was conducted to analyze the data. Based on the output given on the next page, determine whether each of the statements presented are true or false.

1. There was a change in percent of body fat but it was not significant.

True

False

2. There was a significant decrease from pretest to posttest in terms of percent of body fat.

True

False

3. There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest in terms of BMI.

True

False

4. The results seem to suggest that physical exercise helped these adolescents.

True

False

5. The observed difference between the pretest and posttest in BMI occurs less than 5 times in 100.

True

False

Pre 9 weeks Body fat Post 9 weeks Body fat pre 9 weeks Bmi Post 9 weeks Bmi Paired Samples Statistics N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Mean 9.1728098 1.4325522 24.260976 41 1.5061982 23.01.7073 41 9.6443741 23.175610 41 5.3986471 .8431270 22.9536 59 41 5.3511259 .8357055

Explanation / Answer

1. False

Null Hypothesis: H0: There is no significant difference between Pre 9 Week % Fat and Post 9 Week % Fat

Alternative Hypothesis: H1: There is a significant difference between Pre 9 Week % Fat and Post 9 Week % Fat

At 5% Level of Significance, i.e., p < 0.05, significant difference, Reject Null Hypothesis, Accept Alternative Hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference.

Therefore, There is a significant difference (change) between Pre 9 Week % Fat and Post 9 Week % Fat as p < 0.05

2. True

There is a significant decrease from Pre 9 week % fat to post 9 week fat % as P < 0.05 (One Tail)

3. True

Null Hypothesis: H0: There is no significant difference between Pre 9 Week BMI and Post 9 Week BMI

Alternative Hypothesis: H1: There is a significant difference between Pre 9 Week BMI and Post 9 Week BMI

At 5%, level of significance, Rejecting null hypothesis, accepting alternative hypothesis and conlude that there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest in terms of BMI as P value is less than 0.05. But at 1% level of significance, Accepting Null hypothesis, and conclude that there is no significant difference between Pretest and Posttest of BMI.

4. True

At 5% Level of Significance, Both % in Fat and BMI has been decreased from Pretest to Posttest (p< 0.05) (one-tail), and may conclude that physical exercise helped these adolescents.

5. True

There is a significant difference between Pretest to Posttest in BMI (P < 0.05). Therefore difference between the pretest and posttest in BMI occurs less than 5 times in 100.

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