1) What is the purpose of calculating a test statistic? How does this value desc

Question

1) What is the purpose of calculating a test statistic? How does this value describe how the sample data either supports or contradicts a claim?

2) How does one decide between using a one-tailed or a two-tailed hypothesis test? Is there an advantage to using one over the other?

3) We would like to compare the mean number of children per household in Country A to the mean number of children per household in Country B. What procedure would be used to make such a comparison? How would sample sizes be chosen?

4) A sample of 100 patients uses a new treatment for weight loss. Describe how one would go about testing the claim that the weight loss treatment is effective.

5) What is the best predicted value for the response variable if there is no evidence of significant correlation in a sample?

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Explanation / Answer

1 question per post please. I begin with completely solving the 1st Question:

1)

A test statistic is a statistic (a quantity derived from the sample) used in statisticalhypothesis testing. A hypothesis test is typically specified in terms of a test statistic, considered as a numerical summary of a data-set that reduces the data to one value that can be used to perform the hypothesis test.

If the test statistic is greater then the critical value then we reject the null hypothesis and 'accept' the claim or the research / alternate hypothesis. In this case we say that the sample data supports the claim

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