Researchers wanted to know whether positive feedback increases self-esteem. Part

Question

Researchers wanted to know whether positive feedback increases self-esteem. Participants were a test to measure their self-esteem. Then, they were asked to complete a 20-item math test, and told that they did very well compared with their peers. After being given this feedback, they were given the self-esteem test again. Use the .01 level of confidence. Does positive feedback increase self-esteem? Self-Esteem Test Scores Before Positive Feedback: 40, 33, 45, 60, 27 After Positive Feedback: 48, 39, 45, 62, 35

Explanation / Answer

Data:     

n = n1 = n2 = 5    

d-bar = 1.3333    

s (of d) = 1.2344    

Hypotheses:     

Ho: d-bar 0    

Ha: d-bar > 0    

Decision Rule:     

= 0.01    

Degrees of freedom = 5 - 1 = 4

Critical t- score = 3.746947388   

Reject Ho if t > 3.746947388    

Test Statistic:     

SE = s/n = 1.2344/5 = 0.552040462   

t = d-bar/SE = 1.3333/0.552040462285148 = 2.415221512   

p- value = 0.036570087    

Decision (in terms of the hypotheses):    

Since 2.415221512 > 3.747 we reject Ho and accept Ha

Conclusion (in terms of the problem):    

There is sufficient evidence that positive feedback improves self-esteem.

Before After d = After - Before 40 48 8 33 39 6 45 45 0 60 62 2 27 35 8 d-bar = 4.8 s = 3.633180425

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