R programmers i need your help. What does this mean? Find first the equation of

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R programmers i need your help. What does this mean?

Find first the equation of the least-squares line and then the interpret, the slope and r^2. i dont understand that question

3. Question: Is there a relationship between female literacy and birth rate? The data set lliteracy.csv from the following web-site (http://www.unesco.org, www.data.worldbank.org) contains data on a sample of countries where female illiteracy is more than 5%. The variable it" is the percentage of women over 15 years of age who are illiterate (2003) and the variable "Births' is he number of births per woman in that country (2005). Answer the question as follows: (a) Create a scatter plot of birth rate against illiteracy and comment on the relationship. (b) Find first the equation of the least-squares line and then the interpret, the slope and r 2. (c) Create a residuals plot and comment on the appropriateness of a straight line model. d Can we say that improving literacy (reducing illiteracy) will cause the birth rate to go down Explain.

Explanation / Answer

Objective of the analysis: To identify whether there is a relationship between Female literacy and birth rate

Variables in Data: Independent variable - % of illiterate women; Dependent variable - Number of births/woman

(a) plot(x=Illit,y=Births) will give you the basic scatter plot. You may set more options in this command to customize the plot with labels, colors and so on

(b) fit = lm(formula = Births ~ IIlit, data = dataset_name)) will create the linear regression model for the data.

summary(fit) will give you the summary of the regression output. Summary will give you a list of outputs of the model. Under the segment Coefficients, the values for Estimate correspond to the intercept (misspelt as interpret in the question) and slope or the beta coefficient for the independent variable (Illit).

Then, the equation of least-squares line can be obtained as: Births = Intercept + Slope * Illit

r^2 value: R squared value can be found towards the end of the summary output

Interpretation

Let the model bebuilt with Y as dependent variable and X as independent variable

Least squares line: Y = Intercept + Slope * X

Intercept: Value of Y when X = 0

Slope: Factor by which Y increases (or decreases depending on the sign of slope) for one unit increase in X

R^2: Measure of goodness of fit of the model. It measures how close the original data is to the fitted data

(c) plot(fit) will give the residual plots

(d) You will have to interpret this based on the sign of the coefficient (slope) of Illit variable. If the sign of coefficient is positive, then it means that birth rate will increase with increase in illiteracy (decrease in literacy). If the sign is negative, it means that birth rate is going down with increase in illiteracy (which is probably unlikely to happen)

NOTE: Due to unavailability of the actual data and lack of any numerical values to work with, I have given standard interpretations and plausible inferences for the set of questions asked.

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