8. (2 pts each) For each example, identify the disease or outcome (D/O) of inter
ID: 3237280 • Letter: 8
Question
8. (2 pts each) For each example, identify the disease or outcome (D/O) of interest, the exposure (E) under study, and state whether the study design (SD) is randomized clinical trial, case report/series, ecological, cross-sectional, cohort or case-control.
A. As part of a hypertension awareness program, graduate student volunteers at a weekend health fair measured the blood pressure, cholesterol level, smoking habits and weight of 1450 people.
D/O= E= SD=
B. The Mayo Clinic announced that 6 patients treated with the weight-control drug fen-phen had been diagnosed with heart valve stenosis.
D/O= E= SD=
C. Merck enrolled 50 individuals in a study to examine whether or not the HPV vaccine provided antibodies to HPV. 25 people were given a shot containing the vaccine and 25 people were given a shot containing saline. Three months later blood was drawn from all participants and HPV antibody levels were determined.
D/O= E= SD=
D. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that develops from cells of the mesothelium, the protective lining that covers many of the internal organs of the body. A study was carried out with a participant population consisting of 472 workers insured by the Mexican Institute of Social Security. 119 of the participants were diagnosed with mesothioloma, and 353 participants were chosen who did not have mesothioma. All participants were questioned concerning their occupational history.
D/O= E= SD=
E. Participants were recruited from Framingham, MA. The study was designed to investigate the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and factors related to its development. 5,127 persons free of CHD were periodically examined for development of disease. Serum cholesterol levels were also measured. It was determined that in men, serum cholesterol levels were higher for those who subsequently developed CHD.
D/O= E= SD=
Explanation / Answer
A. As part of a hypertension awareness program, graduate student volunteers at a weekend health fair measured the blood pressure, cholesterol level, smoking habits and weight of 1450 people.
D/O= Hypertension
E= Blood Pressure, Cholestorel level, Smoking Habits, Weight
SD= Ecological study design
B. The Mayo Clinic announced that 6 patients treated with the weight-control drug fen-phen had been diagnosed with heart valve stenosis.
D/O = Heart Valve stenosis
E = Fen-phen
SD = Cross sectional study
C. Merck enrolled 50 individuals in a study to examine whether or not the HPV vaccine provided antibodies to HPV. 25 people were given a shot containing the vaccine and 25 people were given a shot containing saline. Three months later blood was drawn from all participants and HPV antibody levels were determined.
D/O = antibodies to HPV
E = HPV vaccine
SD = Randomized clinical trial
D. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that develops from cells of the mesothelium, the protective lining that covers many of the internal organs of the body. A study was carried out with a participant population consisting of 472 workers insured by the Mexican Institute of Social Security. 119 of the participants were diagnosed with mesothioloma, and 353 participants were chosen who did not have mesothioma. All participants were questioned concerning their occupational history.
D/O = Mesothelioma
E =
SD = case control study
E. Participants were recruited from Framingham, MA. The study was designed to investigate the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and factors related to its development. 5,127 persons free of CHD were periodically examined for development of disease. Serum cholesterol levels were also measured. It was determined that in men, serum cholesterol levels were higher for those who subsequently developed CHD.
D/O = Coronary heart disease
E = Serum Cholesterol level
SD = Cohort studies
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