INSTRUCTIONS: WRITE IN APA FOMART Method Participants were 250 (118 males and 13
ID: 3241894 • Letter: I
Question
INSTRUCTIONS: WRITE IN APA FOMART
Method
Participants were 250 (118 males and 132 females) from Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) students who graduated in 2010. The variables collected were; gender, race, college, age, high school gpa, act, college gpa, and # of credit hours through Institutional Effectiveness Office. The data was analyzed using SAS software.
Materials
Data
Computer with SAS software
Procedures
Download the data from the source (thumb drive or any other source that is provided to the WordPad or directly to SAS
Enter the page and type options for page number 1, frmdlim and a semicolon
Enter title 1 for lab 1 Basic Descriptive, Variable Manipulation & Univariate. Second title include the identification of the SAS output data.
Enter the variables input gen$ race $ col$ age hsgpa act colgpa credit
Agenew, agemon follow each other respectively.
NOTE// Each command should be followed by a semicolon.
At the end of the data other commands for each plot should be entered. Failure to enter the commands will result to no output data will be generated. For example: Enter the following commands followed by semicolon. vbar col; proc freq; table col; proc plot; plot colgpa*act; proc means n mean var std min max; var age agenew agemon; proc univariate normal plot; var act; proc sort; by gen; proc univariate normal plot; var act; by gen; run; quit; Analyze the data by clicking the running man symbol on SAS. This will generate the output data.
Results
The box plot or a whisker plot depicts the values of first quartile, second quartile and interquartile range. In this case, the median on 2nd quartile is indicated the line across while mean is represented by small rhombus. In both male and female box plot, the data is symmetrical since the mean is close to the median. There is an outlier on the male scores that may affect the mean of the scores.
Comparing the following data for ACT between both genders and the total population for the following parameters extracted from SAS output shows slight differences in mean, standard deviation and skewness. In addition, the variance for total population 10.7 falls between both genders at 9.79 and 11.78 respectively. Based on the data output for kurtosis both total population and female act scores displays a heavy tailed distribution since the values are negative while male scores have a light tailed distribution. This can be attributed to the outlier in male scores.
Parameters
Male (118)
Female (132)
Total population 250
Mean
21.24
21.728
21.276
Standard deviation
3.43
3.129
3.27
Skewness
0.14
.417
0.28
Variance
11.78
9.79
10.7
Kurtosis
.10
-0.49
-0.17
Discussion
Description of the characteristics of the results from the chart and frequency charts what are the sim
Description of the plot between ACT and College GPA.
According to the data, there is no causal relationship between ACT scores and College GPA. Some students who scored low ACT scores appear to have a higher GPA, For example; a student who scored 17 on CT scores had a GPA of 3.5 where else a student with an ACT score of 26 have a GPA of 21. This shows that there are other confounding variables that affect college GPA apart from ACT scores. There is an outlier of 33 while most of the scores are distributed between a score of 17 and 28 on ACT scores.
Addition of a constant. - adding a constant to the given values results to the mean and median of data increasing by the same constant. Addition of a constant to dispersion vales does not change the value of variance
Multiplying each value by a constant results to the mean and median multiplied by the same constant. When dispersion values (standard deviation and variance) are multiplied by a constant, the value of standard deviation is multiplied by the same value as the constant while the variance is multiplied by the square root of the constant.
Parameters
Male (118)
Female (132)
Total population 250
Mean
21.24
21.728
21.276
Standard deviation
3.43
3.129
3.27
Skewness
0.14
.417
0.28
Variance
11.78
9.79
10.7
Kurtosis
.10
-0.49
-0.17
Explanation / Answer
the female data is right skewed indicating a hig mean value as compared to the male data which has a skewness closer to 0, also since the ACT socre ang GPA are not consistently correlated it is safe to say that there are other hidden variables that contribute to ACT score, with a reasonable standard deviation for both samples an outlier indicates that the inclusion of variables other than GPA is sensible enough and it is infact better to not conclude anything until the researcher has higher cofidence in his/her claim.
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