Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum , are small, wingless, sapsucking insects that l

Question

Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, are small, wingless, sapsucking insects that live on plants. They evade predators (such as ladybugs) by dropping off. A study examined the mechanism of aphid drops. Researchers placed aphids on a leaf positioned at 4 different heights (in centimeters, cm) above a surface covered with petroleum jelly. When a ladybug was introduced, the aphids dropped, and the petroleum jelly helped capture their landing posture (upright or not). Each aphid performed this experiment only once. Here are the findings:

What percent (±

0.1) of aphids land upright when dropping from

3 cm : %

5 cm : %

10 cm : %

20 cm : %

10. NOTE: The numerical values in this problem have been modified for testing purposes.

Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, are small, wingless, sapsucking insects that live on plants. They evade predators (such as ladybugs) by dropping off. A study examined the mechanism of aphid drops. Researchers placed aphids on a leaf positioned at 4 different heights (in centimeters, cm) above a surface covered with petroleum jelly. When a ladybug was introduced, the aphids dropped, and the petroleum jelly helped capture their landing posture (upright or not). Each aphid performed this experiment only once. Here are the findings:

   Dropping Height Landing Posture 3 cm 5 cm 10 cm 20 cm Upright 21 23 27 30 Not upright 10 8 4 1 Sample size 31 31 31 31

What percent (±

Explanation / Answer

Here sample size for each case is n=31

1)For aphids land upright when dropping from 3cm

Required percentage= number of aphids land upright /n *100

= 21/31*100= 67.74%

Similarly

2)For 5cm

Percentage=23/31*100=74.19%

3)For 10cm

Percentage= 27/31*100=87.097%

4) For 20cm

Percentage=30/31*100=96.77%

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