Question 1: Research Scenario 1: A criminal justice researcher wants to examine

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Question 1: Research Scenario 1: A criminal justice researcher wants to examine whether the judges in four different districts are more likely to give harsh prison sentences for females convicted of child abuse. To do so, he obtains from court records the prison sentences (measured in years) of the most recently convicted female child abusers sentenced across the four districts (A, B, C, and D). He randomly selects 10 sentences for such cases handed down by these judges. The results are as follows:

Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine whether there is a significant difference in the sentence lengths handed down by these judges?

a) Logistic Regression b) Chi-Square c) Correlation/Regression d) T-test e) ANOVA

Question 2: Research Scenario 2: A criminologist is interested in the effects of anomie – normlessness, or the breakdown of rules in social setting – on suicide. On the basis of a variety of social and economic factors, he divided 15 cities into two groups of high anomie and low anomie. He then obtained the suicide rates for each city based on the number of suicides per 100,000 in the population.

Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine whether there is a significant difference in level of anomie in suicide rates?

a) Logistic Regression b) Chi-Square c) Correlation/Regression d) T-test e) ANOVA

Question 3: Research Scenario 3: Some researchers believe that a major factor related to running away is the quality of a youth’s relationship with his or her parents. On the basis of a small sample of adolescents, the following data were collected regarding the number of hours of quality time they spend with their parents each week and whether or not they have considered running away from home in the past 6 months.

Which statistical procedure would you use to predict whether or not teenagers consider running away from home based on the number of hours of quality time they spend with their parents?

a) Logistic Regression b) Chi-Square c) Correlation/Regression d) T-test e) ANOVA

Question 4: Research Scenario 4: A data analyst is interested in determining the degree of association between political party (i.e., democrat vs. republican) and attitude toward gun control (i.e., favor vs. oppose).

Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine this difference?

a) Logistic Regression b) Chi-Square c) Correlation/Regression d) T-test e) ANOVA

Question 5: Which of the following variables is NOT used to determine Practical Significance.

NOTE: Select all variables that apply.

a) Sample size b) Effect size c) P-value

Question 6: Which of the following three variables are used to determine Statistical Significance.

NOTE: Select all variables that apply.

a) Sample size b) Effect size c) P-value

Question 7: Conducting a two-tailed test could result in making a:

a) Type 1 error b) Type 2 error

Question 8: Which of the following alpha levels is most likely to result in a Type 2 error?

a) .05 b) .06 c) .01 d) .10

Question 9 (Fill in the Blank): Conducting 6 tests in a row with a starting alpha level of .05 is likely to result in a _________ probability that the results found were due to error.

Question 10: A result showing an effect size of .59 and a p-value (significance level) of .50 is:

a) Statistically Significant b) Practically Significant c) Neither Statistically nor Practically Significant d) Both Statistically and Practically Significant

Question 11: A result showing an effect size of .30 and a p-value (significance level) of .05 is:

a) Statistically Significant b) Practically Significant c) Neither Statistically nor Practically Significant d) Both Statistically and Practically Significant

Question 12: A result showing an effect size of .01 and a p-value (significance level) of .02 is:

a) Statistically Significant b) Practically Significant c) Neither Statistically nor Practically Significant d) Both Statistically and Practically Significant

Question 13: A result showing an effect size of .50 and a p-value (significance level) of .09 is:

a) Statistically Significant b) Practically Significant c) Neither Statistically nor Practically Significant d) Both Statistically and Practically Significant

District A District B District C District D 4 10 12 9 1 5 3 2 20 20 2 2 12 7 11 12 7 4 6 1 10 1 3 3 1 15 8 4 5 5 9 8 2 2 22 5 10 8 1 4

Explanation / Answer

Here I will give answers of first four questions.

For that consider the following rules to use T-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, Logistic regression and correlation regression.

1. T-test - is used when we want to check significant effect of 2 treatments for two different population. In T-test sample size may be different for both population and also it is used when population sd is unknown.

2. ANOVA - is used to check significant effect of more than 2 treatments. This is the main difference between T-test and ANOVA.

3. Chi-square test - is used when we want to check association between two variable.

e.g. - If we want to check is there any association between color of eyes and behaviour of particular person then in this case we can use Chi-square test to check the relation.

4. Logistic regression - is used when the dependent variable is binary type that is 1 and 0 or TRUE and FALSE type.

e.g. If we want to check for given condition the particular employee will leave the company or not then in this situation we can use logistic regression.

5. Correlation/regression - Both the concepts are used to check the relation between two variable. But here the dependent variable should be continuous. Only the difference between correlation and regression is that correlation gives the value of relation and regressin will give the equation so that we can predict the dependent variable.

e.g. If we want to check whether there is relation between father's height and son's height then we can calculate the value of correlation using the given data. And also we can find regression.

Now check all thse concepts with the situation given above and find the correct answers.

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