A researcher has individuals sit in a \"waiting area\" prior to participating in
ID: 3247690 • Letter: A
Question
A researcher has individuals sit in a "waiting area" prior to participating in a study. In the waiting area is an attractive or unattractive woman sitting in one of the chairs. In fact, the same woman is present in the waiting area and manipulated to look either attractive or unattractive (relatively speaking). The woman is a confederate in the study, meaning that, unbeknownst to participants, she is a co-researcher in the study. Participants are asked to sit in the waiting area until called upon. One group waits in the room with the attractive confederate; the second group waits in the room with the unattractive confederate. The distance (in feet) that participants sit from the confederate is used as a measure of attraction. It was hypothesized that participants would sit closer (in feet) to the attractive versus unattractive confederate. Given the following data, test this hypothesis at a .05 level of significance using a two-tailed test.
With regard to the SPSS exercise, answer the following questions:
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values for each group. Make sure you label a group name for each group in each column in the space provided:
Group 1: Group 2:
Sample size _____________________ _____________________
Sample mean _____________________ _____________________
Sample standard deviation _____________________ _____________________
Estimated standard error _____________________ _____________________
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the test statistic (assume equal variances):
Mean difference ______________________________
t obtained (t) ______________________________
Degrees of freedom (df) ______________________________
Significance ______________________________
Estimated standard error for the difference ______________________________
Based on the value of the test statistic, what is the decision for a two-independent-sample t test? (Circle one)
Retain the null hypothesis Reject the null hypothesis
Compute Cohen's d and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the number of standard deviations that scores have shifted in the population. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the data you need to compute effect size.
Compute proportion of variance using eta-squared or omega-squared, and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that can be explained by the levels of the factor. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the information you need to compute proportion of variance.
***Please amke sure to answer the last two questions about cohen's d and proportion variance***
Attractive Unattractive 1.3 6.8 2.2 5.7 3.5 4.9 0.7 8.5 2.3 9.2 2.1 8.4 4.0 6.7 6.0 4.3 2.3 1.3 5.8 6.3 6.8 8.8 5.3 9.2 8.4 5.7 3.5 7.3 0.4 2.6 7.9 2.1 8.2 6.0 1.6 3.4Explanation / Answer
Answer:
With regard to the SPSS exercise, answer the following questions:
Group Statistics
Group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
distance
Attractive
18
4.0167
2.64581
.62362
Unattractive
18
5.9556
2.46272
.58047
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
distance
Equal variances assumed
.428
.517
-2.276
34
.029
-1.93889
.85197
-3.67029
-.20748
Equal variances not assumed
-2.276
33.827
.029
-1.93889
.85197
-3.67062
-.20716
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values for each group. Make sure you label a group name for each group in each column in the space provided:
Group
Attractive
Unattractive
N
18
18
Mean
4.0167
5.9556
Std. Deviation
2.64581
2.46272
Std. Error Mean
0.62362
0.58047
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the test statistic (assume equal variances):
Mean difference -1.9389
t obtained (t) -2.276
Degrees of freedom (df) 34
Significance P=0.029
Estimated standard error for the difference 0.85197
Based on the value of the test statistic, what is the decision for a two-independent-sample t test? (Circle one)
Reject the null hypothesis
Compute Cohen's d and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the number of standard deviations that scores have shifted in the population. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the data you need to compute effect size.
Cohen's d = (5.9556-4.0167)/sqrt((2.64581^2+2.46272^2)/2)
=0.7586
The effect is medium
Group Statistics
Group
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
distance
Attractive
18
4.0167
2.64581
.62362
Unattractive
18
5.9556
2.46272
.58047
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