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The data collected included information concerning pet owner characteristics and

ID: 3249971 • Letter: T

Question

The data collected included information concerning pet owner characteristics and the type of pet owned. Here is a table of counts of subjects classified by pet ownership status and education level: Test whether there is an association between Pet ownership and Education level. State the null and alternative hypotheses. Compute the test statistic and its P - value. Report your conclusion. Also conduct the test using alpha = 1 % using the critical value method. Report the expected frequencies in the space provided in the accompanied table.

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

Ho: There is no association between pet ownership and education level.

H1: There is association between pet ownership and education level.

Chi-Square Test

Observed Frequencies

Ownership

Calculations

Row variable

Non pet

Dog

Cat

Total

fo-fe

Less tha high school

421

93

28

542

-10.4561

19.7507

-9.2946

Highschool

666

100

40

806

24.3881

-8.9279

-15.4602

Post secondary

845

135

99

1079

-13.9320

-10.8228

24.7548

Total

1932

328

167

2427

Expected Frequencies

Ownership

Row variable

Non pet

Dog

Cat

Total

(fo-fe)^2/fe

Less tha high school

431.4561

73.2493

37.2946

542

0.2534

5.3255

2.3164

Highschool

641.6119

108.9279

55.4602

806

0.9270

0.7317

4.3097

Post secondary

858.9320

145.8228

74.2452

1079

0.2260

0.8033

8.2538

Total

1932

328

167

2427

Data

Level of Significance

0.01

Number of Rows

3

Number of Columns

3

Degrees of Freedom

4

Results

Critical Value

13.2767

Chi-Square Test Statistic

23.1468

p-Value

0.0001

Reject the null hypothesis

Calculated chi square =23.1468, P=0.0001

Calculated chi square =23.1468 > 13.2767 critical value at 0.01 level.

Ho is rejected.

There is an association between pet ownership and education level.

Chi-Square Test

Observed Frequencies

Ownership

Calculations

Row variable

Non pet

Dog

Cat

Total

fo-fe

Less tha high school

421

93

28

542

-10.4561

19.7507

-9.2946

Highschool

666

100

40

806

24.3881

-8.9279

-15.4602

Post secondary

845

135

99

1079

-13.9320

-10.8228

24.7548

Total

1932

328

167

2427

Expected Frequencies

Ownership

Row variable

Non pet

Dog

Cat

Total

(fo-fe)^2/fe

Less tha high school

431.4561

73.2493

37.2946

542

0.2534

5.3255

2.3164

Highschool

641.6119

108.9279

55.4602

806

0.9270

0.7317

4.3097

Post secondary

858.9320

145.8228

74.2452

1079

0.2260

0.8033

8.2538

Total

1932

328

167

2427

Data

Level of Significance

0.01

Number of Rows

3

Number of Columns

3

Degrees of Freedom

4

Results

Critical Value

13.2767

Chi-Square Test Statistic

23.1468

p-Value

0.0001

Reject the null hypothesis

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