Question 1 Which of the following are topologically equivalent? In other words,

Question

Question 1

Which of the following are topologically equivalent? In other words, between which pair would soluble substances be able to move via a series of budding and fusion events of the endomembrane system?

a. The matrix of a mitochondrion and the intermembrane space of a chloroplast.

b. The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoplasm.

c. The intermembrane space of a mitochondrion and the cytoplasm.

d. The lumen of a Golgi cisterna and the extracellular fluid.

e. The stroma and the intermembrane space of a chloroplast.

Question 2

A rat cell

a. The matrix of a mitochondrion and the intermembrane space of a chloroplast.

b. The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and the cytoplasm.

c. The intermembrane space of a mitochondrion and the cytoplasm.

d. The lumen of a Golgi cisterna and the extracellular fluid.

e. The stroma and the intermembrane space of a chloroplast.

Explanation / Answer

1.

The intermembrane space of a mitochondrion and the cytoplasm are topologically equivalent. Like wise, the lumen of a Golgi cisterna and the extracellular fluid are topologically equivalent. Hence, the right options are (c) and (d).

2.

Since desmosomes are just cell structures specialed for cell-to-cell adhesion, there wouldn't be diffusion of their dyes. Therefore, the heterocaryon would be half blue and half yellow (e.g. left and right). Hence, the right option is (c).

3.

A human red blood cell when placed in a beaker of seawater, it would shrink because the seawater is hypertonic. Hence, the right option is (a).

4.

The amino acids that form pores facing the intracellular and extracellular fluid should be lipophobic and hydrophilic in nature. since Leucine is  hydrophobic in nature, it is least likely to be found facing the interior of the pore portion of a channel protein. Hence, the right option is (b).

5.

Actin would been made on ribosomes attached to ER. Therefore, the right option might be (a).

6.

Many of the neighboring cells are also dye-filled. This is because of the gap junctions present in their cell membranes. Hence, the right option is (a).

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