M. S. Kanarek and associates studied the relationship between cancer rates and l
ID: 3260788 • Letter: M
Question
M. S. Kanarek and associates studied the relationship between cancer rates and levels of asbestos in the drinking water, in 722 Census tracts around San Francisco Bay.52 After adjusting for age and various demographic variables, but not smoking, they found a “strong relationship” between the rate of lung cancer among white males and the concentration of asbestos fibers in the drinking water: P < 1/1,000. Multiplying the concentration of asbestos by a factor of 100 was associated with an increase in the level of lung cancer by a factor of about 1.05, on average. (If tract B has 100 times the concentration of asbestos fibers in the water as tract A, and the lung cancer rate for white males in tract A is 1 per 1,000 persons per year, a rate of 1.05 per 1,000 persons per year is predicted in tract B.). The investigators tested over 200 relationships—different types of cancer, different demographic groups, different ways of adjusting for possible con- founding variables. The P-value for lung cancer in white males was by far the smallest one they got. Based on their findings, we can conclude that asbestos in the drinking water causes lung cancer. True False
Explanation / Answer
Solution:-) The statement is TRUE that means that we can conclude asbestos in the drinking water causes lung cancer as p-value is smallest hence we get evidence of rejecting the null hypothesis. as p- value is the probability of obtaining an effect at least as extreme as the one in your sample data, assuming the truth of the null hypothesis.
As the null hypothesis will be there is no relationship between asbestos and different types of cancer.
Alternative hypothesis will be that there is significant relationship between asbestos and types of cancer
As p-value is smaller for lung cancer and hence we can conclude that asbestos in the drinking water causes lung cancer.
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