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A researcher wants to test whether color can influence recall of words in a list

ID: 3263779 • Letter: A

Question

A researcher wants to test whether color can influence recall of words in a list. To test this, the researcher displays 20 words on a computer screen. Ten words are in color, and 10 words are in black. All words are presented on a white background. Participants are given one minute to view the list, and then the list is taken away and participants are allowed one additional minute to write down as many words as they can recall. The researcher records the number of colored versus black words accurately recalled. The results are given below. Test whether the color of words in the list influenced recall at a .05 level of significance using a two-tailed test.

With regard to the SPSS exercise, answer the following questions:

Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values for each group. Make sure you label a group name for each group in each column in the space provided:

                                                            Group 1:                                              Group 2:

Sample size                             _____________________                _____________________

Sample mean                           _____________________                _____________________

Sample standard deviation       _____________________                _____________________

Estimated standard error          _____________________                _____________________

Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the difference scores:

Mean difference                                                                      ______________________________

Standard deviation                                                                   ______________________________

Estimated standard error for the difference scores                ______________________________

Based on the values you have summarized thus far, what value is the numerator of the test statistic? What value is the denominator of the test statistic?

Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the test statistic:

t obtained (t)                                                                            ______________________________

Degrees of freedom (df)                                                          ______________________________

Significance (2-tailed)                                                             ______________________________

Based on the value of the test statistic, what is the decision for a related-samples t test? (Circle one)

                        Retain the null hypothesis                               Reject the null hypothesis

Compute Cohen's d and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the number of standard deviations that scores have shifted in the population. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the data you need to compute effect size.

Compute proportion of variance using eta-squared or omega-squared, and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that can be explained by the levels of the factor. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the information you need to compute proportion of variance.

Participant Type of Word Type of Word Color Black 1 7 4 2 8 4 3 4 6 4 6 4 5 4 6 6 8 2 7 6 3 8 7 3 9 5 6 10 6 9 11 4 5 12 6 7 13 5 5 14 8 3 15 9 0 16 10 0 17 6 8 18 4 6 19 2 6 20 8 4 21 6 2 22 4 1

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

With regard to the SPSS exercise, answer the following questions:

Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values for each group. Make sure you label a group name for each group in each column in the space provided:

color

black

N

22

22

Mean

6.0455

4.2727

Std. Deviation

1.96341

2.41388

Std. Error Mean

.41860

.51464

Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the difference scores:

Mean difference                                                                      1.77273

Standard deviation                                                                  3.85365

Estimated standard error for the difference scores               0.8216

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Pair 1

color - black

1.77273

3.85365

.82160

.06411

3.48134

2.158

21

.043

Based on the values you have summarized thus far, what value is the numerator of the test statistic? What value is the denominator of the test statistic?

Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the test statistic:

t obtained (t)                                                                           2.158

Degrees of freedom (df)                                                          21

Significance (2-tailed)                                                             0.043

Based on the value of the test statistic, what is the decision for a related-samples t test? (Circle one)

                       Reject the null hypothesis

Compute Cohen's d and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the number of standard deviations that scores have shifted in the population. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the data you need to compute effect size.

Cohen's d =t/sqrt(n) = 2.158/sqrt(22) =0.460087

The effect size is medium.

color

black

N

22

22

Mean

6.0455

4.2727

Std. Deviation

1.96341

2.41388

Std. Error Mean

.41860

.51464

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