A researcher wants to test whether color can influence recall of words in a list
ID: 3263779 • Letter: A
Question
A researcher wants to test whether color can influence recall of words in a list. To test this, the researcher displays 20 words on a computer screen. Ten words are in color, and 10 words are in black. All words are presented on a white background. Participants are given one minute to view the list, and then the list is taken away and participants are allowed one additional minute to write down as many words as they can recall. The researcher records the number of colored versus black words accurately recalled. The results are given below. Test whether the color of words in the list influenced recall at a .05 level of significance using a two-tailed test.
With regard to the SPSS exercise, answer the following questions:
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values for each group. Make sure you label a group name for each group in each column in the space provided:
Group 1: Group 2:
Sample size _____________________ _____________________
Sample mean _____________________ _____________________
Sample standard deviation _____________________ _____________________
Estimated standard error _____________________ _____________________
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the difference scores:
Mean difference ______________________________
Standard deviation ______________________________
Estimated standard error for the difference scores ______________________________
Based on the values you have summarized thus far, what value is the numerator of the test statistic? What value is the denominator of the test statistic?
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the test statistic:
t obtained (t) ______________________________
Degrees of freedom (df) ______________________________
Significance (2-tailed) ______________________________
Based on the value of the test statistic, what is the decision for a related-samples t test? (Circle one)
Retain the null hypothesis Reject the null hypothesis
Compute Cohen's d and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the number of standard deviations that scores have shifted in the population. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the data you need to compute effect size.
Compute proportion of variance using eta-squared or omega-squared, and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that can be explained by the levels of the factor. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the information you need to compute proportion of variance.
Participant Type of Word Type of Word Color Black 1 7 4 2 8 4 3 4 6 4 6 4 5 4 6 6 8 2 7 6 3 8 7 3 9 5 6 10 6 9 11 4 5 12 6 7 13 5 5 14 8 3 15 9 0 16 10 0 17 6 8 18 4 6 19 2 6 20 8 4 21 6 2 22 4 1Explanation / Answer
Answer:
With regard to the SPSS exercise, answer the following questions:
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values for each group. Make sure you label a group name for each group in each column in the space provided:
color
black
N
22
22
Mean
6.0455
4.2727
Std. Deviation
1.96341
2.41388
Std. Error Mean
.41860
.51464
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the difference scores:
Mean difference 1.77273
Standard deviation 3.85365
Estimated standard error for the difference scores 0.8216
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
color - black
1.77273
3.85365
.82160
.06411
3.48134
2.158
21
.043
Based on the values you have summarized thus far, what value is the numerator of the test statistic? What value is the denominator of the test statistic?
Based on the table shown in SPSS, state the following values associated with the test statistic:
t obtained (t) 2.158
Degrees of freedom (df) 21
Significance (2-tailed) 0.043
Based on the value of the test statistic, what is the decision for a related-samples t test? (Circle one)
Reject the null hypothesis
Compute Cohen's d and state the size of the effect as small, medium, or large. (Show your work.) In a sentence, also state the number of standard deviations that scores have shifted in the population. Note: The tables in SPSS give you all the data you need to compute effect size.
Cohen's d =t/sqrt(n) = 2.158/sqrt(22) =0.460087
The effect size is medium.
color
black
N
22
22
Mean
6.0455
4.2727
Std. Deviation
1.96341
2.41388
Std. Error Mean
.41860
.51464
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