For cach of the following surveys, describe the target population. sampling fram

Question

For cach of the following surveys, describe the target population. sampling frame sampling unit, and observation t. Discuss any possible sources of selection bias or The article ..what Readers Say About Marijuana" reports that"more than 75% of the readers who took part in an informal PARADE telephone poll say marijuana should be as legal as alcoholic beverages" (Parade, 31 July 1994. 16). The telephone poll was announced on page 5 of the Junc 12 issue; readers were instructed to "call 1-900- 773-1200, at 75 cents a call, if you would like to answer the following questions. Use touch-tone phones only. To participate, cal bctween 8 a.m. EDT Eastern Daylight Timel on Saturday. June 11, and midnight EDT on Wednesday. June 15: 1 A student wants to estimate the percentage of mutual funds whose shares went up in price last weck. She selects every tenth fund listing in the mutual fund pages of the newspaper and calculates the percentage of those in which the share price increased 2 Potential jurors in some jurisdictions are chosen from a list of county residents who are registered voters or licensed drivers over age 18. In the fourth quarter of 1994 there were 100.300 jury summons mailed to Maricopa County, Arizona, residents. Approximately 23,000 of those were returned from the post office as undeliverable Approximately 7000 persons were unqualified for service because they were not citi zens, were under age 18, were convicted felons, or had other reasons that disqualified them from serving on a jury. An additional 22,000 were excused from jury service because of illness, financial hardship, military service, or other acceptable reason. The final sample consists of persons who appear for jury duty; some unexcused jurors fail to appear 3 4 A sample of 8 architects was chosen in a city with 14 architects and architectural firms. To select a survey sample, each architect was contacted by telephone in order of appearance in the telephone directory. The first 8 agreeing to be interviewed formed the sample 5 To estimate how many books in the library need rebinding, a librarian uses a random number table to randomly select 100 locations on library shelves. He then walks to each location, looks at the book that resides at that spot, and records whether the book needs rebinding or not.

Explanation / Answer

1. Population refer to entire group of individuals or instances about whom one hopes to learn. The population here refer to readers of PARADE in general. Sampling frame refer to a list of individual from whom the sample is drawn. Thus, sampling frame refer to list of individual readers who have dialled the number to participate in the poll. Observational units refer to subjects or participants in the study. Therefore, the observational units are readers. The survey suffers from undercoverage, as part of the population is given less representation than it has in the population. People who did not subscribe to the magazine could not voice their opinion.

2. Population in question is mutual funds whose shares went up in price last week. Sampling fram erefer to every 10th fund listing in the mutual fund pages of the newspaper. Observational units are share price.

3. Population is country resodents who are registered voters or licensed drivers over age 18. Sampling frame refer to list of jury summons minus the list of persons unqualified for the service. Sampling unit is potential jurors. The sampling suffers from nonresponse bias, because a large portion of those sampled failed to respond.

4. Population is 14 architects. Sampling frame is list of architects and architectural firms. Sampling unit is architect. The sampling survey suffers from convinience sample bias, as individuals who are conviniently available, has been selected for the experiment.

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