Kindly prepare a review paper on specific topic related to a piezoelectric polym

Question

Kindly prepare a review paper on specific topic related to a piezoelectric polymer sensor used for the rope of an elevator to measure plastic deformation and oscillation. If something is wrong with the measured element you should get notified by your phone. Explain with your own words why it is important to use this kind of a sensor on a elevator rope and why it is important for the safety. Give also examples about how you can get notified when there is something wrong with the elevator. What else than plastic deformation can be measured using a piezoelectric polymer sensor on the rope of an elavator. Please structure your review. (2 pages)

Explanation / Answer

A piezoelecric polymer sensors are property of certain materials, which expand or contract in an electrical field or a property of certain materials which generates an electrical charge when pressure is applied.

The way a piezoelectric polymers is cut produces three main operational modes:

Piezoelectric Polymers A brief description of the approximately 40-years history of piezoelectricity in polymers introduces the wide range of piezoelectric polymers currently available to application engineers. The origin of the piezoelectric response in polymers ranges from dipole density piezoelectricity in ferroelectric polymers to intrinsic like piezoelectricity in ferroelectrets. Printable piezoelectric lacquers and multifunctional polymer ceramic nanocomposites further enlarge the material basis by combining to advantage the properties of polymeric and ceramic piezoelectric materials.

History of Piezoelectric Polymers Direct piezoelectricity was first described by Jaques and Pierre Curie in 1880, at the time of their discovery being 25 and 21-years old at the beginning of their scientific careers. The discovery was not made by chance, the Curie brothers have looked for the piezoelectric phenomenon, possibly inspired by their familiarity with the phenomenon of pyroelectricity. The early experiments of the Curie brothers dealt only with direct piezoelectricity, so the introduction of the converse piezoelectric effect is credited to the theoretical work of Lippmann on the basis of general thermodynamic arguments. However, after becoming aware of the theoretical predictions, converse piezoelectricity was verified experimentally also by the Curie brothers.

3. Piezoelectricity in polymers There are different polymer categories that can be considered piezoelectric. Figure 2 shows a graphical representation of the different types. The first category of piezoelectric polymers is the bulk polymer. These are solid polymer films that have the piezoelectric mechanism through their molecular structure and its arrangement. The second category is the piezoelectric composite polymer. These are polymer structures with integrated piezoelectric ceramics from which the piezoelectric effect is generated. These composites make use of the mechanical flexibility of polymers and the high electromechanical coupling of the piezoelectric ceramics. The third type is the voided charged polymer, a radically different type of piezoelectric polymer than the first two categories. This is a polymer film in which gas voids are introduced and surfaces are charged in a way to form internal dipoles. The polarization of these dipoles changes with the applied stress on the polymer film (i.e. has a piezoelectric response). Each of these three classes of polymers is discussed in the following subsections in detail followed by state-of-the-art materials and applications.

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