this my Q and my answer: NOW MY Q is : Neutrino beam Suppose a proton beam is fi

Question

this my Q and my answer:

NOW MY Q is :

Neutrino beam Suppose a proton beam is fired into a 400 cm long and 30 cm diameter cylindrical target. Determine for the cases of a) graphite, b) beryllium, and c) aluminum targets the temperature change in the target assuming one cycle of 1) CERN SPS protons a la OPERA, 2) JPARO Main Ring protons for T2K, and 3) FERMILAB Main Injector protons for NOvA. What steps do these experiments take to deal with target heating? s are typically created by firing intense proton beams into low-Z targets.

Explanation / Answer

The proton pulse hitting the target leads to thermal shock waves which can easily result in material collapse.

Actually, a lot of development going in this area. I know about two types of solutions.

Massive Cooling: Target cooling by water can be made. It can be Radiation cooling or Forced convection water cooling. Rotating toroidal ring is used. It radiates heat to water-cooled surroundings.

Moving Target: Use of liquid-metallic like mercury jet-like targets. It replaces the target between pulses and solves the problem.

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